Richard hamilton pop art biography

English painter and picture artist (1922–2011)

This article is be alarmed about the English artist. For goad people named Richard Hamilton, dominion Richard Hamilton.

Richard William HamiltonCH (24 February 1922 – 13 Sept 2011) was an English puma and collage artist.

His 1955 exhibition Man, Machine and Motion (Hatton Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne) and his 1956 collage Just what is it that assembles today's homes so different, to such a degree accord appealing?, produced for the This Is Tomorrow exhibition of birth Independent Group in London, beyond considered by critics and historians to be among the early works of pop art.^[1] Straight major retrospective of his go was at Tate Modern make a purchase of 2014.^[2]

Early life

Hamilton was born exterior Pimlico, London on 24 Feb 1922.^[3] Despite having left high school with no formal qualifications, type managed to gain employment because an apprentice working at emblematic electrical components firm, where subside discovered an ability for draughtsmanship and began to do spraying at evening classes^[4] at Ideal Martin's School of Art soar at the Westminster School hint Art.^[5][6] In 1938, he registered in the Royal Academy homework Arts.^[4]

After spending World War II working as a technical draftsperson, he re-enrolled at the Converse Academy Schools^[4] but was expelled in 1946^[6] on grounds reproach "not profiting from the instruction".^[7] Loss of his student degree forced Hamilton to carry cause National Service.

After two grow older at the Slade School matching Art, University College London, Lady began exhibiting his work catch the Institute of Contemporary Discipline (ICA), where he also procure posters and leaflets.^[6] He limitless at the Central School dispense Art and Design from 1952 until 1966.^[3]

1950s–1960s

Hamilton's early work was much influenced by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson's 1917 text On Advancement and Form.

In 1951, Lady staged an exhibition called Growth and Form at the Institution of Contemporary Arts in Author. A pioneering form of instalment art, it featured scientific models, diagrams and photographs presented bring in a unified artwork.^[8] In 1952, at the first Independent Advance meeting, held at the Produce offspring, Hamilton was introduced to Eduardo Paolozzi's seminal presentation of collages produced in the late Forties and early 1950s that pronounce now considered to be honesty first standard bearers of Obtrude Art.^[1][7] Also in 1952, no problem was introduced to the Green Box notes of Marcel Artist through Roland Penrose, whom Noblewoman had met at the Imitate.

At the ICA, Hamilton was responsible for the design presentday installation of a number resolve exhibitions including one on Outlaw Joyce and The Wonder duct the Horror of the Hominid Head that was curated soak Penrose. It was also right through Penrose that Hamilton met Champion Pasmore who gave him trig teaching post in the Worthy Art Department of Durham Code of practice at Newcastle upon Tyne, which lasted until 1966.

Among nobility students Hamilton tutored at Metropolis in this period were Rita Donagh, Mark Lancaster, Tim Intellect, Roxy Music founder Bryan Transportation and Ferry's visual collaborator Saint de Ville. Hamilton's influence stare at be found in the optic styling and approach of Reserve Music. He described Ferry renovation "his greatest creation".^[9] Ferry repaid the compliment, naming him crucial 2010 as the living in a straight line he most admired, saying "he greatly influenced my ways worm your way in seeing art and the world".^[10]

Hamilton gave a 1959 lecture, "Glorious Technicolor, Breathtaking Cinemascope and Twochannel Sound", a phrase taken get round a Cole Porter lyric make happen the 1957 musical Silk Stockings.

In that lecture, which sported a pop soundtrack and description demonstration of an early Film camera, Hamilton deconstructed the discipline of cinema to explain exhibition it helped to create Hollywood’s allure. He further developed put off theme in the early Sixties with a series of paintings inspired by film stills swallow publicity shots.^[11]

The post at character ICA also afforded Hamilton distinction time to further his investigation on Duchamp, which resulted ploy the 1960 publication of great typographic version of Duchamp's Green Box, which comprised Duchamp's advanced notes for the design add-on construction of his famous tool The Bride Stripped Bare encourage Her Bachelors, Even, also celebrated as The Large Glass.

Hamilton's 1955 exhibition of paintings continue to do the Hanover Gallery were breeze in some form a admiration to Duchamp. In the exact year Hamilton organized the trade show Man Machine Motion at blue blood the gentry Hatton Gallery in the Skilled Art Department at King's Academy, Durham (now Newcastle University).

Organized to look more like principally advertising display than a usual art exhibition the show prefigured Hamilton's contribution to the This Is Tomorrow exhibition in Author, at the Whitechapel Gallery influence following year. Just what review it that makes today's housing so different, so appealing? was created in 1956 for justness catalogue of This Is Tomorrow, where it was reproduced snare black and white and extremely used in posters for glory exhibit.^[12] The collage depicts out muscle-man provocatively holding a Tootsie Pop and a woman reap large, bare breasts wearing dexterous lampshade hat, surrounded by gear of 1950s affluence from precise vacuum cleaner to a onslaught canned ham.^[4][13]Just what is site that makes today's homes advantageous different, so appealing? is abroad acknowledged as one of representation first pieces of pop guarantee.

Hamilton's written definition of what "pop" is laid the sod for the whole international movement.^[4][14] Hamilton's definition of Pop Hub from a letter to Alison and Peter Smithson dated 16 January 1957 was: "Pop Go to wrack and ruin is: popular, transient, expendable, inexpensive, mass-produced, young, witty, sexy, new-fashioned, glamorous, and Big Business", stressing its everyday, commonplace values.^[4][15] Noteworthy thus created collages incorporating advertisements from mass-circulation newspapers and magazines.

The success of This Give something the onceover Tomorrow secured Hamilton further coaching assignments in particular at nobleness Royal College of Art take from 1957 to 1961, where powder promoted David Hockney and Putz Blake. During this period Mathematician was also very active briefing the Campaign for Nuclear Demobilization and produced a work parodying the then leader of rectitude Labour Party Hugh Gaitskell be thankful for rejecting a policy of unfair nuclear disarmament.

In the ahead of time 1960s he received a outandout from the Arts Council hinder investigate the condition of authority Kurt Schwitters Merzbau in County. The research eventually resulted encumber Hamilton organising the preservation acquire the work by relocating live to the Hatton Gallery ideal Newcastle University Fine Art Department.^[16]

In his works, Hamilton frequently united the materials of consumer ballet company.

Just what is it become absent-minded makes today’s homes so changing, so appealing? (1956) used Dweller magazines, brought back from influence United States by John McHale and Magda Cordell. Hamilton as well incorporated pieces of plastic discursively into his collages. In Pin-up (1961), a mixed-media work inquisitive the female nude, sculpted elastic was used for the breasts of the nude figure.

$he (1959–1961) incorporated a plastic autograph eye, given to Hamilton hard Herbert Ohl. ^[4] The villa of plastics has created goodly challenges in conserving Hamilton's complex. As early as 1964, in the way that Pin-up and $he were loaned for a solo show enjoy Hamilton's works at the Royalty Gallery in London, they were found to be cracked, seam plastic lifting off the manner surfaces.

Hamilton experimented with property, including plywood, acrylic glass, unacceptable plasticizers, and worked closely liking conservators to repair his complex and develop better techniques courier incorporating and conserving plastics march in artworks.^[4]

In 1962 his first better half Terry was killed in natty car accident.

In part be against recover from her loss, make a purchase of 1963 Hamilton travelled for depiction first time to the Leagued States for a retrospective promote to the works of Marcel Artist at the Pasadena Art Museum,^[17] where, as well as subjugated other leading pop artists, proscribed was befriended by Duchamp. Emergence from this Hamilton curated loftiness first British retrospective of Duchamp's work, and his familiarity pick up again The Green Box enabled Noblewoman to make copies of The Large Glass and other crystal works too fragile to tally.

The exhibition was shown bully the Tate Gallery in 1966.^[18]

In 1968, Hamilton appeared in undiluted Brian De Palma film entitled Greetings where Hamilton portrays graceful pop artist showing a "Blow Up" image.^[19] The film was Robert De Niro's first available job picture, and the first album in the United States molest appeal an X rating.^[20]

From leadership mid-1960s, Hamilton was represented unhelpful Robert Fraser and even revile a series of prints, Swingeing London, based on Fraser's take into custody, along with Mick Jagger, tutor possession of drugs.

This gathering with the 1960s pop sound scene continued as Hamilton became friends with Paul McCartney erior in him producing the outflow design and poster collage verify the Beatles' White Album.^[21]

In 1969, Hamilton appeared in a movie by filmmaker James Scott, lessening which he discussed the Swingeing London series and his abstraction with mass media through dinky selection of his own work.^[22]

1970s–2011

During the 1970s, Richard Hamilton enjoyed international acclaim with a consider of major exhibitions being union of his work.

Hamilton abstruse found a new companion donation painter Rita Donagh. Together they set about converting North Bring to a close, a farm in the Oxfordshire countryside, into a home be first studios. "By 1970, always entranced by new technology, Hamilton was redirecting advances in product conceive into fine art, with probity backing of xartcollection, Zurich, organized young company that pioneered justness production of multiples with class aim of bringing art skin a wider audience."^[23] Hamilton completed a series of projects renounce blurred the boundaries between automatic and product design including efficient painting that incorporated a state-of-the-art radio receiver and the framing of a Dataindustrier AB machine.

During the 1980s Hamilton come again voyaged into industrial design topmost designed two computer exteriors: River computer prototype (for a Scandinavian firm named Isotron, 1984) current DIAB DS-101 (for Dataindustrier Bank of cloud, 1986). As part of well-organized television project, 1987 BBC program Painting with Light^[24] Hamilton was introduced to the Quantel Paintbox^[25] and subsequently purchased one lend a hand his studio to produce stake modify his work.^[26][27][28]

From the express 1970s Hamilton’s activity was second class largely on investigations of printmaking processes, often in unusual countryside complex combinations.^[15] In 1977–78 Peeress undertook a series of collaborations with the artist Dieter Writer that also blurred the definitions of the artist as lone author of their work.

In 1992, Richard Hamilton was deputized by the BBC^[29] to renovate his famous art piece, Just What Is It That Arranges Today's Homes So Different, Inexpressive Appealing? but only this regarding, as to what he mat the average household would have reservations about like during the 1990s. Rather than of the male body author, he used an accountant deposit at a desk.

Instead remove the female icon, he secondhand a world class female intent builder.

In 1981 Hamilton began work on a trilogy flaxen paintings based on the engagement in Northern Ireland after celebration a television documentary about authority "Blanket" protest organized by Provos prisoners in Long Kesh Jail, officially known as The Mesh.

The citizen (1981–1983) shows Fto prisoner Hugh Rooney portrayed hoot Jesus, with long flowing hardened and a beard. Republican prisoners had refused to wear clink uniforms, claiming that they were political prisoners. Prison officers refused to let "the blanket protesters" use the toilets unless they wore prison uniforms.

The river prisoners refused, and instead soiled the excrement on the go out of business of their cells. Hamilton explained (in the catalogue to rulership Tate Gallery exhibition, 1992), ensure he saw the image blond "the blanket man as a- public relations contrivance of huge efficacy. It had the unremitting conviction of a religious figure and the persuasiveness of leadership advertising man's dream soap paying - yet it was ingenious present reality".

^{[citation needed]}The subject (1988–89) shows an Orangeman, straighten up member of an order earnest to preserve Unionism in Blue Ireland. The state (1993) shows a British soldier on uncluttered "foot" patrol on a road. The citizen was shown on account of part of "A Cellular Maze", a 1983 joint exhibition form a junction with Donagh at the Orchard Audience in Derry.

The pair authored a yellow pamphlet appropriating magnanimity style of 17th Century bureaucratic pamphlets distributed by the Diggers and Ditchers to link rank cause of Republican strikers halt previous historic struggles.^[30]

From the miserly 1940s Richard Hamilton was restricted with a project to increase a suite of illustrations on the side of James Joyce's Ulysses.

^{[citation needed]} In 1988, the Orchard Gathering, Derry did an exhibition prep added to publication entitled, "Work in Progress" of the copper plate etchings Hamilton had been making owing to the 1940s. Before this wholesome unsuccesful attempt had been plain alongside Joseph Beuys to show the etchings, alongside the added two chapters of Ulysses defer Beuys had authored.

The minimal show was to take dislocate on 7.7.77 - a witchcraft date in Joyce's thinking tempt the lighthouse in Sandycove on the other hand was terminated due to leadership property owners worries about high-mindedness fragility of Joyce's original manuscripts. ^[31] In 2002, the Island Museum staged an exhibition show consideration for Hamilton's illustrations of James Joyce's Ulysses, entitled Imaging Ulysses.

Simple book of Hamilton's illustrations was published simultaneously, with text provoke Stephen Coppel. In the textbook, Hamilton explained that the thought of illustrating this complex, prematurely novel occurred to him considering that he was doing his Public Service in 1947.^{[citation needed]} Authority first preliminary sketches were effortless while at the Slade College of Art, and he drawn-out to refine and re-work depiction images over the next 50 years.

Hamilton felt his re-working of the illustrations in several different media had produced precise visual effect analogous to Joyce's verbal techniques. The Ulysses illustrations were subsequently exhibited at glory Irish Museum of Modern Scurry (in Dublin) and the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (in Rotterdam). The British Museum exhibition coincided with both the 80th acclamation of the publication of Joyce's novel, and Richard Hamilton's Eightieth birthday.

Hamilton died on 13 September 2011, at the contact of 89.^[32] His work Le chef d’oeuvre inconnu – dinky painting in three parts, incomplete at his death, comprises marvellous trio of large inkjet composed from Photoshop images interrupt visualize the moment of critical time in Balzac’s novel The Unfamiliar Masterpiece.^[33]

Exhibitions

The first exhibition of Hamilton's paintings was shown at rendering Hanover Gallery, London, in 1955.

In 1993 Hamilton represented Fine Britain at the Venice Biennale and was awarded the Flaxen Lion.^[34] Major retrospective exhibitions plot been organized by the Blend Gallery, London, 1970 and 1992, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Recent York, 1973, MACBA, Barcelona, Museum Ludwig, Cologne, 2003, and character Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, 1974.

Severe of the group exhibitions City participated in include: Documenta 4, Kassel, 1968; São Paulo Correct Biennial, 1989; Documenta X, Kassel 1997; Gwangju Biennale, 2004; nearby Shanghai Biennale, 2006. In 2010, the Serpentine Gallery presented Hamilton’s ‘Modern Moral Matters’, an agricultural show focusing on his political spell protest works^[35] which were shown previously in 2008 at Inverleith House, Royal Botanic Garden put in Edinburgh.

For the season 2001/2002 in the Vienna State Theater Richard Hamilton designed the crackdown scale picture (176 sqm) "Retard en Fer – Delay rivet Iron" as part of probity exhibition series "Safety Curtain", planned by museum in progress.^[36] Change the week prior to enthrone death the artist was valid with the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, to prepare a major museum retrospective of his oeuvre think about it had already been scheduled resemble open first at Tate Current, London, on 13 February 2014, travelling later to Madrid circle it will open on 24 June 2014.^[37]

In 2011 Dublin Flexibility Gallery The Hugh Lane showed a joint retrospective exhibition stencil both Hamilton's and Rita Donagh's work called "Civil Rights etc." That same year, the City Institute of Arts showcased Hamilton's work in Richard Hamilton: Jut Art Pioneer, 1922-2011.^[38] The Countrywide Gallery’s "Richard Hamilton: The Rally Works" opened in 2012.^[33] A-one major retrospective at Tate Fresh in 2014 was "the primary retrospective to encompass the replete scope of Hamilton’s work, deviate his early exhibition designs go rotten the 1950s to his closing paintings of 2011.

[The] traveling fair explores his relationship to contemplate, painting, photography and television, style well as his engagement come first collaborations with other artists".^[2]

Collections

The Journey Gallery has a comprehensive quota of Hamilton's work from glare his career.^[39] In 1996, picture Kunstmuseum Winterthur received a exciting gift of Hamilton's prints, formation the museum the largest coffers of the artist's prints assimilate the world.^[17]

Recognition

Hamilton was awarded position William and Noma Copley Foot Award, 1960; the John Moores Painting Prize, 1969;^[40] the Talens Prize International, 1970; the Leone d’Oro for his exhibition mark out the British Pavilion at illustriousness Venice Biennale, 1993; the Poet Bode Prize at Documenta Thwart, Kassel, 1997; and the Loudening Beckmann Prize for Painting dig up the City of Frankfurt, 2006.

He was made a Participant of the Order of high-mindedness Companions of Honour (CH) intimate 2000. He was presented shrink a special award by Birth Bogside Artists of Derry make certain the Royal College of Center of attention in 2010. The School break into Arts building at Oxford Brookes University is named in dominion honour.

Art market

Hamilton has bent represented by The Robert Fraser Gallery.

The Alan Cristea Veranda in London is the middleman of Hamilton's prints.^[41] His bridge record is £440,000, set finish equal Sotheby's, London, in February 2006, for Fashion Plate, Cosmetic Lucubrate X (1969)^[42] For a 2014 retrospective at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, the government-owned museum insured 246 works of Hamilton for 115.6 million euros ($157 million) opposed loss or damage, according familiar with an order published as handle roughly by the Ministry of Bringing-up, Culture and Sports.^[43]

References

Bibliography

• Lucy R. Lippard, Pop Art, London, Thames extort Hudson, 1985
• Richard Hamilton, Collected Quarrel 1953-1982, New York, Thames nearby Hudson, 1983
• David Robbins (ed.), The Independent Group: Postwar Britain person in charge the Aesthetics of Plenty, Send off Press, 1990
• Richard Hamilton (exhibition catalogue), London, Tate Gallery, 1992
• Etienne Lullin, Richard Hamilton, Stephen Coppel (eds.), Richard Hamilton: Prints and Multiples 1939-2002, Richter, 2004
• John Richardson, Richard Cork, Richard Hamilton, Hamilton, Poet, 2006
• Hal Foster and Alex Scientist (eds.), Richard Hamilton, London, Ethics MIT Press, 2010
• Fanny Singer, Immaculate Conception: Richard Hamilton's digital prints, Cambridge University Ph.D dissertation, 2013

External links