Papaflessas biography definition
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Papaflessas (Παπαφλέσσας; 1788 – 1825), hatched Georgios Demetrios Flessas (Γεώργιος Δμητρίου Φλέσσας), was a Greek jingoist, priest, and government official dispense the old Flessas Family. Greatness word papa- (παπα-) in probity name "Papaflessas" indicates his prominence as a cleric since honesty word means "priest" in Grecian.
He was ordained to character highest position of the clergymen, Archimandrites, in 1819. He served as Minister of Internal Dealings and Chief of Police splotch the government of Alexander Mavrocordatos. Papaflessas was killed during distinction Battle of Maniaki on Hawthorn 20, 1825, fighting against position forces of Ibrahim Pasha fall back Maniaki, Messinia.
Papaflessas
Signature of Papaflessas
Name
Georgios Demitrios Flessas was his emergence name.
His monastic name was Gregory Flessas (Γρηγόριος Φλέσσας, Grigórios Fléssas) or Papaflessas, while position pseudonym he used later answer his life was Gregory Dikaios (Γρηγὀριος Δικαῖος, Grigórios Dhikéos).[1][2]
Specifically life
Gregory "Papaflessas" Dikaios or Georgios Flessas or Flesias (Φλέσιας), was born in 1788 in magnanimity village of Poliani in Messinia.
His father was Demetrios Flossy. Flessas (Δημήτριος Φλέσσας), son show evidence of the klepht Georgios Dimitriou Flesaas (Γεώργιος Δημητρίου Φλέσσας), and dominion mother, the second wife ensnare Demεtrios, was Constantina Andronaiou (Κωνσταντίνα Ἀδροναίου) from Dimitsana. In 1809, he attended school at illustriousness renowned school of Dimitsana, diverge whence many Greek national heroes graduated.
While in school, loosen up published a satire and brooch it on the door enjoy Dimitsana Pasha (the Turkish go out of business governor at the time) indication it "Gregorios PHOS Kalamios" (Φῶς Καλάμιος τοὔνομα Γρηγόριος). Realizing noteworthy was in danger from government action he was sent heritage 1815 to become a cleric or monk, taking the religion name of Gregorios Flessas fend for Papaflessas.
For a short time and again, he served in this energy in the monastery of Velanidia, situated outside of the know-how of Kalamata, Messinia.
Clergy
Gregorios was argumentative and defiant by link and frequently at odds revive his ecclesiastical superiors. Further, lighten up was angry toward the Seat Turks because of family affiliates killed by them.
He as well blessed a marriage of Conspicuous. Zervas with his niece who was engaged to another public servant. At the time, engagement was equal to marriage and show somebody the door was punishable by death in case the engagement was broken. Fair enough was asked to leave class monastery of Velanidia.
In April 1816, he moved to the cloister of Regkitsa, located between Leontari and Mystras.
He soon argued with his superiors and dignity monastery's administration. He also came into conflict with a go into liquidation Turkish authority over the limits of the monastery property impressive even used armed men get in touch with protect his claims. This one day was settled by court hit Tripolitsa with the court sombre in Papaflessas' and the monastery's favour.
This angered the State official who told the polity that Papaflessas was a insurrectionist and was arming the "ragiades" (Greeks) against the Turks. Leadership Tripolitsa authorities sentenced Papaflessas inhibit death and sent soldiers interruption the monastery to arrest dispatch execute him.
Armed Poliani fighters delayed the soldiers and Papaflessas were able to leave fillet homeland, saying as he sincere so that he would send either a Bishop or efficient Pasha and deal with them.
Papaflessas went to the island motionless Zakynthos, a haven for Greeks from the mainland who were under death sentence by birth Turks.
He obtained a slant letter from the Archbishop foothold Christianoupolis (Arcadia Kyparissia). While motion by sea to Constantinople, Papaflessas was shipwrecked on Mount Dominion during which the seal formation his letter of recommendation insolvent. Reading the letter he was surprised to find that inadequate called him dishonest, immoral topmost untrustworthy, causing him to dismiss the letter.
He arrived in Constantinople with the goal of inattentive Ancient Greek and theology presentday to become an Archbishop hole the Patriarxeio of Agia Serdica.
While studying Greek and primacy Periklis harangue, he also in operation meeting prominent "patriots". Because misstep was under death sentence gross the Turks, and his dependable from Peloponnisos, he used description name "Dikaios". He soon connubial the secret organization Filiki Eteria with the code name "Armodios" (A.
M.), Ἁρμόδιος, and excellence number five (5).
In 1819, Gregorios was ordained to the pre-eminent priesthood position, Archimandrites, a individual next to the Bishop, timorous Patriarch Gregorios V of Constantinople and he was given honesty ecclesiastical “officio of Dikaios” (the Ecumenical Patriarch's representative), in organization to be able to trade freely in the Moldovlachia policy and not to be fazed by the Turks.
King fahd bin abdulaziz biography have possession of martinPapaflessas was sent space the northern part of glory Ottoman Empire to inspire accept spread hope among his countrymen for the nation's independence vary the Turks.
Action in Resistance
Returning to Constantinople from his design mission Papaflessas again came tote up the attention of the Turkic authorities and had to quit.
At the end of 1820, he sailed to Kydonia cut into Asia Minor and catechised grab hold of scholars of the Big Institute (as it was called there) while awaiting the arrival push war supplies from Smyrna. Disseminate Smyrna he received military materials and the assurance of appended ammunition if needed.
Papaflessas traveled match several areas seeking support used for a revolution against the Footstool Empire.
At the Saint Martyr monastery he called a coronet of Greek authorities and Extreme Priests to discuss if righteousness time was right to start on the a revolution. After enraged arguments the meeting was inoperative for a later time hold back the monastery of Agia Lavra.
In January 1821 meetings took locus with Papaflessas recounting his equipment and assurances of support doublecheck from Russia.
Concerns about rank practicalities of war and ethics uncertainty of the promises curst military support lead the attention participants to propose to behind closed doors jail Flessas in the cloister of Agia Lavra in mix up to avoid problems for righteousness nation. But Papaflessas had carrying weapons supporters and no one dared arrest him.
The synod arranged to get further information discipline the opinion of neighbouring countries before starting a revolution.
Flessas' precision was with the upper grade (landowners) in the villages add-on municipalities, including the top be categorized of the clergy, who upfront not trust Papaflessas, and diadem mission was received with calligraphic great deal of scepticism tolerate fear.
He felt safer emphasize approach first farmers and peasants and the poor class holiday people who were easily magnetised by his speeches looked prep atop him as the messiah designate their freedom.
After the meeting subside went to Kalavryta and reduce with Nikolaos Souliotis and Asimakis Skaltsas in order for them to write a letter send down the first 10 days confiscate March 1821 to Oikonomos Eliopoulos.
Then he retreated to Kalyvia Kalamata waiting for news running away Souliotis and Skaltsas and greatness arrival in Almyros, a petty port near Kalamata, of loftiness boat with the war mat. From Kalyvia he went confidentially to Gardikion Amfeias near sovereignty hometown Poliani and learned depart the small boat of Mexis Poriotis arrived in Almyros.
Papaflessas immediately called his brothers.
In Stride 1821, he received news picture ship with military supplies difficult arrived. He gathered about Cardinal men with mules and donkeys from the Poliani area be first went to Almyros Kalamata. Delete order to unload the utensil they had to have position authorization of the area's harbourmaster, the famous Mavromichalis, who was in the pay of class Turks security force.
The harbourmaster demanded a large bribe collect cover up what the Greeks were unloading.
Papaflessas sent 45,000 grosia to Mavromichalis who accepted pull it off but still did not gesture the proper papers. He called for half of the supplies lid the boat to have them as reserves to fight picture Greeks when they start grandeur revolution against the Turks.
That was agreed to and goodness supplies were transported to prestige monastery of Velanidia, where Papaflessas served as a monk, conjury prominent "kleftes" chieftains from authority area. By purpose or pulverize some of the gunpowder was dropped at a local spasm and the next day greatness stablemen of the local Pacha found and reported it.
Rank Pasha summoned all the projecting Greeks and clergy from greatness Kalamata area and jailed them.
Papaflessas arranged his men to seepage various strategic positions in goodness area. When a Turkish supporter tried to leave the burgh he was killed, starting integrity war of Independence on Walk 21, 1821. In Mani span gathering of the captains think likely the rebels had decided grant start the revolution on Walk 25, 1821, but received rumour on the 22nd that influence fighting had already begun.
Depiction Greek War of Independence on the face of it started on March 25, 1821, and brought a great interchange to the Church of description free kingdom. The clergy difficult taken a leading part mediate the revolution.
Papaflessas during the Circle (1821–1825)
In 1823, Papaflessas was entitled the Minister of Internal Justification and the Chief of Boys in blue by the government of Ruler Alexander Mavrocordato under the title Gregorios Dikaios, the name fair enough had when was in Filiki Etairia.
He instituted many reforms, established the mail system ahead built schools in various towns. He created the title sign over Inspector General for schools don he was the first procrastinate to establish a "political tenets certificate" to be given look after the friends of the Administration. He took part in diverse battles against the Turks status he sided with the management when the civil war afoot in 1824.
He took end up in the campaign in Messinia and the rest of greatness Peloponnese to suppress the rebels against the Government. During probity civil war, he was first on Theodoros Kolokotronis' side, however later switched sides due advice his personal ambitions.
When Ibrahim Pacha invaded the Peloponnese in 1825 (with an army consisted largely by Egyptians), Papaflessas was similar Minister of Internal Affairs.
Accomplishment the great danger the procedure was facing with the Ibrahim's invasion, he demanded the regulation grant amnesty to Kolokotronis dispatch other political prisoners. This call for was refused and he emerged before the Executive Branch extract Parliament to tell them crystal-clear would go to Messinia unaccompanie to organize a resistance realize Ibrahim, determined to return 1 or die in the battlefield.
Papaflessas gathered 3,000 poorly armed general public and went to the area of Pylia, Messinia, searching insinuation the best spot to bring round Ibrahim's army coming out detect the city of Pylos.
Unwind selected the hills of Maniaki in order for him revere have a better view go together with the enemy's movements and helter-skelter Papaflessas established three lines help defence. On June 1, 1825, Ibrahim's forces led by learned French officers attacked Papaflessas' cordon lines. Most of the Hellene troops lost their nerve, corrupt their positions, and fled.
Papaflessas continued to fight the Egyptians with a small force atlas 800-1000 men loyal to him and his cause.
Papaflessas knew renounce in choosing to face Ibrahim he would die on rendering battlefield. Papaflessas's defenses were one day broken by the heavy blast of Ibrahim's artillery and honourableness repeated attacks of his foot and cavalry.
Fierce hand-to-hand combat ended with the death replicate the last defender.
After Papaflessa's passing from a bullet in authority chest, Ibrahim ordered that dominion body be cleaned of populace and dirt and tied taint a tree. After a bloody minutes of looking at wreath foe, Ibrahim walked up class the corpse and kissed get underway on the cheek as trig sign of extreme respect.
Make a purchase of speaking of Papaflessas after reward death, it is said deviate Ibrahim told his officers: "If Greece had ten heroes liking him, it would not own acquire been possible for me to hand undertake the military campaign bite the bullet the Peloponnese".
Legacy
Papaflessas remains ingenious key revolutionary figure in European history and places and goings-on have been named in ruler honour.
Such instances include distinction annual international athletics meeting have Kalamata called Papaflessia and graceful municipality in the Peloponnese cryed Papaflessas.
See also
Flessas Family
Wildlife of Greece
References
^ Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια του "ΠΥΡΣΟΥ" τομ.
ΚΔ σελ. 62 : "γνωστόν όμως είναι ότι ο ως αρχηγός αυτής φερόμενος Γεώργιος Παναγιώτου Φλέσσας έγεννήθη τω 1716 εν Πολιανή... Το επώνυμο Φλέσσας έλαβε ο κλάδος αυτός [sc. της οικογενείας] εκ τού Φλιασίου πεδίου, όπου κατοίκησε, προς διάκρισιν των άλλων συγγενών Δικαίων, των εχόντων το αυτό επώνυμο."
^ Φώτιος Χρυσανθόπουλος.
"Βίος του παπά Φλέσα" Συγγραφείς μεν υπό Φωτάκου εκδοθείς δε υπό Σ. Καλκάνδη. Εν Αθήναις: Τύποις Νομιμότητας, 1868, σελ. 1 και 2 : "Ό Δημήτριος Φλέσσας κατήγετο εκ μιας των έξοχωτέρων οικογενειών της επαρχίας Μεγαλουπόλεως και έγεννήθη εις το χωρίον Πολιανή του δήμου Άμφείας. Δίκαιοι δε ώνομάζοντο όλοι οι απόγονοι της οικογενείας ταύτης και μετωνομάσθησαν Φλεσσαίοι από της λέξεως Έφεσίους αναφερομένης εις τας πράξεις των Αποστόλων, και μη ορθώς προφερόμενης εν τη εκκλησία της πατρίδος των Έφλεσίους, είτα Φλεσίους, και μετά ταύτα Φλεσσαίους (chapter I)...
Το έτος 1816, μετά την εξοδόν του από το σχολείον, εγένετο μοναχός (με το εκκλησιαστικό όνομα Γρηγόριος Φλέσσας Παππάς ή Παπαφλέσσας) και εμόναξεν εις το μοναστήριον της Βελανιδιάς... . Με αυτό το όνομα (Γρηγόριος Δίκαιος) γνώρισε τον Αναγνωστόπουλο και εμυήθει στην Φιλική Εταιρεία με το ψευδώνυμο "ΑΡΜΟΔΙΟΣ" και εχειτοτονήθει αργότερα Αρχιμανδρίτης από τον Γρηγόριον τον Ε' με το εκκλησιαστικό "ΟΦΦΙΚΙΟ" του Δικαίου που σημαίνει αντιπρόσωπος του Πατριάρχη."
Νίκος Παναγιωτόπουλος, Το Μανιάκι, τα Ταμπούρια και ο Παπαφλέσσας, εφημερίδα Θάρρος, 19 May 2007, issue 32370 (Greek)
Δημήτρης Καμπουράκης, "Μια σταγόνα ιστορία", Εκδόσεις Πατάκη 2002 ISBN: 960-16-0621-1 (Greek)
External links
Μηνιαία έκδοση συλλὀγου: ιστορική οικογένεια των φλεσσαίων «ο Παπαφλεσσας», issue 26
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Greek War of Independence (1821–1829)
Background
Ottoman Ellas
People
ArmatoloiProestoiKlephts Dionysius the Doyenne DaskalogiannisPanagiotis BenakisKonstantinos KolokotronisLambros KatsonisCosmas a choice of Aetolia Ali Pasha ManiotsPhanariotsSouliotesGregory Altogether of Constantinople
Events
Orlov Revolution Souliote War (1803)
Greek Enlightenment
People
Athanasios ChristopoulosTheoklitos FarmakidisRigas FeraiosAnthimos GazisTheophilos KairisAdamantios KoraisEugenios Voulgaris
Organizations
Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio Filiki Eteria
Nikolaos SkoufasAthanasios TsakalovEmmanuil XanthosPanagiotis Anagnostopoulos Philomuse Society Society be defeated the Phoenix
Publications
Adelphiki Didaskalia Asma Polemistirion Hellenic Nomarchy At no cost of Rigas Feraios Salpisma Polemistirion Thourios or Patriotic hymn
European involution and
Greek involvement in
the Napoleonic Wars
Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) Concordat of Küçük Kaynarca Greek Compose of Catherine the Great Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) French Revolution significant Napoleonic Wars
Fall of excellence Republic of Venice Republican Gallic rule in the Ionian Islands Septinsular Republic Greek Legion Elegant French rule in the Greek Islands Albanian Regiment Adriatic getupandgo of 1807–1814 1st Regiment European Light Infantry United States beat somebody to it the Ionian Islands
Ideas
Patriotism Eastern Orthodox Christianity Liberalism Constitutionalism
Events
Sieges
Patras Salona Navarino Livadeia Ordinal AcropolisTripolitsa Arta Acrocorinth Nauplia Ordinal Messolonghi2nd Messolonghi3rd Messolonghi 2nd Acropolis
Battles
KalamataWallachian uprisingAlamanaGraviaValtetsiDolianaLalas Vasilika DragashaniSculeniVasilikaTrenchPetaDervenakiaKarpenisi Grecian civil wars Sphacteria ManiakiLerna MillsMani Distomo ArachovaKamateroPhaleronChios expedition Martino Koronisia Petra
Massacres
Constantinople Thessaloniki Navarino Tripolitsa Naousa Samothrace Chios Psara Kasos
Naval conflicts
Eresos ChiosNaupliaSamosAndrosSphacteriaGerontas Souda City Volos IteaNavarino
Ships
Greek sloop Karteria Greek brig Aris
Greek local councils and statutes
Messenian Council Directorate of Achaea Peloponnesian SenateSenate of Western Continental Greece Hill of Eastern Continental Greece Conditional Regime of Crete Military-Political Practice of Samos
Greek national assemblies
First (Epidaurus) (Executive of 1822) Alternative (Astros)Third (Troezen)Fourth (Argos)Fifth (Nafplion)
International Conferences,
Treaties and Protocols
Congress of Laibach Congress of Verona Protocol bank St.
Petersburg (1826) Treaty give evidence London Conference of Poros Writer Protocol of 1828 London Conventions of 1829 Treaty of Adrianople London Protocol of 1830 Writer Conference Treaty of Constantinople
Related
Greek expedition to Syria (1825) Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)
Personalities
Greece
Chian CommitteeOdysseas AndroutsosAnagnostarasMarkos BotsarisLaskarina BouboulinaConstantin Denis Bourbaki Hatzimichalis Dalianis Kanellos DeligiannisAthanasios DiakosGermanos III of Old PatrasDimitrios KallergisAthanasios KanakarisConstantine KanarisIoannis KapodistriasStamatios KapsasPanagiotis KaratzasGeorgios KaraiskakisNikolaos KasomoulisIoannis KolettisTheodoros KolokotronisGeorgios KountouriotisAntonios KriezisNikolaos Kriezotis Kyprianos of State Georgios LassanisLykourgos LogothetisAndreas LondosYannis MakriyannisManto MavrogenousAlexandros MavrokordatosPetrobey MavromichalisAndreas MetaxasAndreas MiaoulisTheodoros NegrisNikitarasAntonis OikonomouIoannis OrlandosPapaflessasDimitrios PapanikolisEmmanouel PappasChristoforos PerraivosNikolaos Petimezas Panagiotis Rodios Georgios SachtourisGeorgios SisinisIakovos TombazisAnastasios TsamadosMeletis VasileiouDemetrios Ypsilantis
Philhellenes
António Figueira d'Almeida Michail Komninos Afentoulief Joseph Balestra Lord Byron François-René de Filet Richard Church Giuseppe Chiappe Sovereign Cochrane Vincenzo Gallina Charles Fabvier Thomas Gordon Frank Abney Architect Carl von Heideck Vasos Mavrovouniotis Johann Jakob Meyer
Ellinika Chronika Karl Normann Maxime Raybaud Giuseppe Rosaroll Santorre di Santa Rosa Friedrich Thiersch Auguste Hilarion Touret German Legion [el] Serbs Histrion Voutier
Moldavia and Wallachia
(Danubian Principalities)
Alexander YpsilantisSacred Band Nikolaos Ypsilantis Alexandros Kantakouzinos Georgios Kantakouzinos Athanasios Agrafiotis Giorgakis Olympios Yiannis Pharmakis Dimitrie Macedonski Tudor Vladimirescu Konstantinos XenokratisAnastasios ManakisStamatios Kleanthis
Ottoman Empire, Algeria, become calm Egypt
Sultan Mahmud II Hurshid Pasha Nasuhzade Ali Pacha Ismael Gibraltar Omer Vrioni Kara Mehmet Mahmud Dramali Pasha Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Reşid Mehmed Pasha Yussuf Pasha Ibrahim Pacha Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi
Britain, France splendid Russia
George Canning Stratford Canning Edward Codrington Henri surety Rigny Lodewijk van Heiden Vanquisher I of Russia Nicholas Side-splitting of Russia
Financial aid
London Admirer Committee Ludwig I of Province Jean-Gabriel Eynard Lazaros KountouriotisIoannis Papafis Georgios Stavros Ioannis Varvakis Banker & Co
Morea expedition
Military
Nicolas Joseph Maison Antoine Saint Durrieu Antoine Virgile Schneider Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély Camille Alphonse Trézel
Scientific
Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois Pierre Peytier Stamatis Voulgaris Guillaume-Abel Blouet Gabriel Bibron Prosper Baccuet Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval Pierre-Narcisse Guérin Charles Lenormant Edgar Quinet
Historians/Memoirists
Dimitrios Ainian Fotis Chrysanthopoulos Ioannis Filimon George Finlay Ambrosios Frantzis Konstantinos Metaxas Panoutsos Notaras Panagiotis Papatsonis Anastasios PolyzoidisGeorgios TertsetisSpyridon Trikoupis
Art
Eugène DelacroixLouis DupréPeter von Pianist Victor Hugo François Pouqueville Herb Pushkin Karl Krazeisen Andreas KalvosDionysios SolomosTheodoros Vryzakis Hellas The Reaction of Lord Byron at Missolonghi Greece on the Ruins wink Missolonghi Le siège de Corinthe The Massacre at Chios Justness Free Besieged Hymn to Selfdirection The Archipelago on Fire Loukis Laras The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos
Remembrance
25 March (Independence Day) Hymn to LibertyEleftheria i thanatosPedion tou Areos Propylaea (Munich) Parkland of Heroes (Missolonghi) Royal PhalanxEvzones (Presidential Guard)
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