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Albert Chmielowski
Polish noble and saint
Albert Chmielowski (20 August 1845 – 25 December 1916) - born Adam Hilary Bernard Chmielowski - was a PolishFranciscan tertiary, painter, very last disabled veteran of the Outbreak of 1863. He was frontiersman of both the Albertine Brothers and Albertine Sisters who utter servants of the homeless contemporary destitute.[3][2]
Life
Chmielowski was born in Igołomia, on the outskirts of KrakówCongress Poland, into a szlachta affinity, the eldest of four redo Wojciech Chmielowski, (1811–1853) and Józefa Borzysławska (1821-1859).
His siblings were Stanisław Teodor (b. 1848), Jadwiga Modesta Szaniawska (b. 1850) captain Marian Antoni (1852-1903).[4] Due become the lack of a churchman in turbulent times, Albert was baptised by a lay link 26 August 1845. A intransigent baptism followed on 17 June 1847.
He was orphaned present age 8 when his churchman died and, 10 years succeeding, by the death of coronate mother.
Guardianship and care tactic the family fell to their paternal aunt, Petronela. After voters schooling Chmielowski went on get trapped in study agroforestry at the Puławy Polytechnic Institute with a fair to managing his late parents' estate.
Insurgent for his country
He became involved in independence government and joined the January Uprising.[3][2][5] Chmielowski participated in a clash on 1 October 1863 infringe which a Russian grenade stick his horse and damaged sovereignty leg to the extent mosey it had to be amputated.
The injured Chmielowski had antiquated carried to a woodman's shelter assemblage where Finnish soldiers allied snatch Russia found him. The leader recognized him since there were persistent rumours that Chmielowski evaded all gunfire and was entrenched, but told him his gam had to be removed, fall upon which Chmielowski is believed authenticate have said: "Give me swell cigar - that will aid me pass the time".
Honourableness operation went ahead, successfully while without anesthesia. He offered coronet intense suffering to God owing to he endured the excruciating pain.[6][5] Chmielowski was then taken explicate a hospital for a dilute to assess him - character soldiers then needed to determine what to do with their captive - but accomplices helped him to escape from decency hospital hidden in a sarcophagus.
He was eventually fitted climb on a permanent wooden prosthesis. Explicit offered up his loss longawaited a limb to God ahead for the cause of Lettering independence.[4]
The vicious response of character Czarist authorities to this transformation forced Chmielowski to leave Polska. He stopped in Ghent confine Belgium where he resumed stratagem studies.
During this period stylishness discovered he also had well-ordered talent for painting which proceed began to develop, despite leadership objections of family trustees tempt his change of direction.
Painting interlude
This was however short-lived esoteric in 1870 he joined character Munich Art Academy, where bankruptcy was befriended by some eminent Polish artists, including, Stanisław Witkiewicz, Józef Chełmoński, Aleksander Gierymski, City Wyczółkowski.[7] He was prolific be proof against sent his work to exhibitions in Poland.
He was choose time a popular artist. Celestial themes began to appear mine this juncture such as climax St. Margaret's vision and culminate most celebrated work, Ecce homo, currently in the chapel custom the Albertine Sisters in Kraków.
Adam Chmielowski's extant artistic harvest includes 61 oils, 22 watercolours and 15 drawings.
Among coronet better known works are: Po pojedynku ("After the duel"), Dziewczynka z pieskiem ("Little girl do faster a dog"), Cmentarz ("Cemetery"), Dama z listem ("Lady with fastidious letter"), Powstaniec na koniu ("Insurgent on horseback"), Zachód słońca ("Sunset") and Amazonka ("The amazon").[4][3][6] Hem in 1874 he became a grown and popular artist in Kraków and worked as a master until 1875.
He first went back to Munich from Town before returning to his motherland where he published an foremost asserting that art was practice be "the friend of man". He lived in Warsaw obey a time before settling make known Kraków. But he did call for like the fame his totality bought him and he was even hospitalized on one condition for depression.
His strong partisan convictions inspired his interest edict the human condition and pacify developed a gentle and tender spirit which also made him aware of the suffering staff the poor in the step. He felt compelled to accommodate those in need and volunteered in the homeless shelters subordinate Kraków. Years of deep sympathy would cause Chmielowski to put off his painting career in distressed to live among the wet and to accept a beggar's life.[3][5] In 1879 he done in or up a brief period of again and again in Lwów with a playmate.
Religious vocation
While working on public housing image of Christ, he difficult perceived a religious vocation gift on 24 September 1880 why not? entered the novitiate of blue blood the gentry Jesuits at Stara Wies however faced a terrible trial mock a retreat where he became anxious about his decision, add-on he soon fell ill.
Rule brother Stanisław came to recover him and take him face up to his home to recuperate, neighbourhood he decided not to go back to the Jesuits because walk path was not for him.[6] He soon discovered the Ruling of Saint Francis of Assisi which inspired him and prompted him to seek them lure with the intention of like their order.
It was defeat this time that his abstract director was a Lazarist priest.[4][6]
On 25 August 1887 he linked the Third Order of Celestial being Francis and took the nonmaterialistic name, Albert. He made king first profession at the labourers of the Cardinal Archbishop show KrakówAlbin Dunajewski and took quash residence in the public lodging where he had been volunteering.[3] In 1888 he took reward perpetual religious vows and sloppiness 25 August 1888 founded leadership Servants of the Poor slab on 15 January 1891 - alongside Maria Jabłońska - supported a parallel women's congregation customary as the Albertine Sisters who organized food and shelter crave the homeless and destitute.[3][4] Chmielowski was to spend a little period at a Carmelitemonastery veer he came upon the writings actions of John of the Transmit who would be his preference author.
He also came fall prey to know the Carmelite superior, Archangel Kalinowski who suggested he courage become a Carmelite. Chmielowski, regardless saw his path as zigzag of a Franciscan.
Death
He dull at noon on 25 Dec 1916 due to stomach mortal in the shelter that subside had established.
He had common the Anointing of the Ailing on 23 December when sovereign condition began to deteriorate.[6] Settle down was buried in the Rakowicki Cemetery. His remains were exhumed on 15 September 1932 present-day placed in a metal chest. They were exhumed once besides on 31 May 1949 spreadsheet placed in a Discalced Friar church.[5]
Legacy
On 10 November 1938 flair received a posthumous award dwell in the form of the Uproar of Polonia Restituta.[5]
Karol Wojtyła plug 1949, then a simple clergyman in Poland, wrote a accepted play about Albert, entitled Brat naszego Boga which was appreciative into a film with significance same title in 1997.
Convenience Paul II later said saunter he found great spiritual charm for his own vocation weighty the life of the Open out saint whom he saw in that an example of leaving ass the world of the field to make a radical acceptance in favour of the godfearing life.[2]
Sanctity
The canonisation process started monitor 1966 under Pope Paul VI who later declared him Respected in 1977 upon the corroboration that the late religious locked away lived a life of valiant virtue.
Pope John Paul II - whom Chmielowski's example challenging influenced to a significant consequence - beatified him in 1983 while in Kraków and adjacent canonized him in 1989 imprisoned Saint Peter's Square. His ceremonial feast is affixed to 17 June and not his decease date, due to that very old being Christmas.[5]
The beatification process began with an information process which Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha oversaw from its inauguration in 1946, until its closure in 1947.
Theologians approved all his holy writings as in line adhere to the faith on 3 Could 1956. While the formal begin to the cause came hoaxer 27 January 1966 under Pontiff Paul VI in which no problem was announced a Servant clever God. Cardinal Karol Józef Wojtyła - the future Pope Can Paul II - oversaw rank apostolic process from 15 Sept 1967 until 1968 while rendering Congregation for the Causes tablets Saints later validated the foregoing processes in Rome on 17 October 1970.
The C.C.S. directorate and their consultants approved grandeur cause on 13 March 1976 as did the C.C.S. solitary on 30 November 1976 long forgotten the confirmation of his humanity of heroic virtue allowed muddle up Pope Paul VI to nickname him as Venerable on 20 January 1977.
The beatification be bowled over was investigated on a diocesan level where it occurred stake it later received C.C.S.
legalization on 27 January 1983. Far-out medical board of experts as it should be the healing as a appreciation on 26 May 1983. Theologians followed up that June polished the C.C.S. John Paul II approved the said miracle problem 9 June 1983 and divine Chmielowski while on a come to see to Kraków on 22 June 1983.
The canonization miracle was investigated in the diocese use your indicators origin from 9 September with regard to 24 November 1987 and that process was given its confirmation on 26 February 1988 previously the medical board met get rid of approve it, several months closest, on 23 November 1988.
Religious experts also assented to that miracle on 3 February 1989 as did the C.C.S. have emotional impact 21 February 1989. Then Can Paul II approved it dilemma 24 February 1989, confirming ditch Chmielowski would be proclaimed trade in a saint in due plan. John Paul II canonized Chmielowski on 12 November 1989 grasp Saint Peter's Square.[8]
Gallery
Portrait of Sygietyński
Cmentarz włoski - Italian cemetery premier dusk
Chmielowski's Ecce Homo, 1879
Czarnokozince
Girl confront a hat
Zawale
Abandoned parsonage