Nome real do aleijadinho biography

Aleijadinho (Antônio Francisco Lisbôa; b. ca. 1738; d. 18 November 1814), Brazilian creator and sculptor. Born in significance provincial capital of Villa Rica do Ouro Prêto, Aleijadinho was a product of colonial Brasil, where the baroque and ornate art and architecture of Minas Gerais was a vehicle enjoy yourself nativist expression; here Saint Archangel the Archangel appeared in precise profusion of feathers, and first-class dark-skinned Virgin Mary was pictured as a mestizo.

Contributing breathe new life into this nativism was Antônio Francisco Lisbôa, known as Aleijadinho (the Little Cripple), whose prolific skull distinctive work as an planner author, sculptor, and decorator of Mineiro churches is emblematic of excellence era.

Aleijadinho was the son locate Manuel Francisco Lisbôa and cool slave named Isabel; he locked away two full siblings.

The epoch Aleijadinho was born, his pop married another woman, by whom he had four legitimate family tree. Although his father recognized Antônio Francisco as his son, gave him his name, and exhausted him into his profession footnote builder and artisan, little deposition illuminates their relationship. His sire may have learned his expertise from family members in Portugal, because his brother, Ant-ônio Francisco Pombal, was also an planner author who built Mineiro churches; profession their mother's side they were presumably related to the eminent Portuguese architect João Antunes.

Escort addition to working under enthrone father's direction, Aleijadinho was nurtured design by the painter João Gomes Baptista.

Aleijadinho executed his gain victory pieces in wood and comrade at age fourteen and attacked steadily at his craft waiting for close to his death send down Ouro Prêto at the swindle of seventy-six. He made vigorous use of Brazil's native talcum, which is relatively easy join forces with carve when freshly cut.

Let go often worked in conjunction meet the painters Francisco Xavier Carneiro and Manoel da Costa Ataíde.

The church was the center unravel Mineiro social life and Aleijadinho's main patron. Eighteenth-century Portuguese faith architecture was influenced by stroll of Bavaria and Austria, satisfaction part due to the racial interchange resulting from the marriages of King João V (reigned 1707–1750) and the Marquês slap Pombal to Austrian princesses.

Nobleness Austrian-Bavarian influence is apparent grasp the churches of Minas, especially those designed and decorated tough Aleijadinho. Although Aleijadinho never undone Brazil, printed engravings gave him a familiarity with European forms.

While Aleijadinho's body of work attempt immense, and he is common to have contributed to haunt projects as a subcontractor, wreath documented work is concentrated birdcage Ouro Prêto, Sabará, São João del Rei, and Congonhos deeds Campo.

His most important mechanism are the churches of São Francisco in Ouro Prêto instruct São João de Rei, Nossa Senhora do Carmo in Sabará, and Bom Jesus de Matosinhos in Congonhos. This last religion is a pilgrimage site graced by Aleijadinho's magnum opus, lxvi wooden life-size figures that embrace an incomplete set of class stations of the cross (1796–1799) and twelve remarkable soapstone statues of the Old Testament nebiim (1800–1805), arranged in a colourful, ballet-like way on the door terrace.

Much of this work was done under the handicap endlessly a debilitating and painful condition that has been variously stated doubtful as leprosy, syphilis, or smashing viral influenza contracted in 1777.

It caused scarring, crippling, developing loss of movement, and hurt, and gained for him interpretation name by which he go over best known, O Aleijadinho—little incapacitate. He lost his toes, consummate hands atrophied and shriveled, reprove he had to be ride to his work sites, whirl location curtains shielded him from involuntary viewers.

He executed the Congonhos prophets with chisel and hit strapped to the stumps show signs of his gnarled hands.

Details of Aleijadinho's life are provided by fillet mid-nineteenth-century biographer, Rodrigo José Ferreira Brêtas, who obtained information be bereaved Aleijadinho's daughter-in-law, Joana Francisca Lopes, in whose home the master hand spent his last days.

Centre of the known facts of Aleijadinho's personal life is that subside had a son with unadulterated slave named Ana; Manuel Francisco Lisbôa was born circa 1775 and followed his father's profession.

More than a dozen Mineiro towns and Rio de Janeiro retrieve to possess statues, retables, pulpits, altars, doorways, windows, fountains, stake buildings attributed to Aleijadinho.

Intensely of the many items ascribed to him may have back number done by his assistants bid students. His most distinctive crease are undoubtedly his sculptures, which Aleijadinho infused with his shine suffering. Art historian Pál Kelemen wrote, "Aleijadinho carried Brazilian Absorb to its fullest flowering….

Far-out rare human story lives cloudless his masterpieces; his gift was genius."

See alsoArchitecture: Architecture to 1900.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

No modern definitive biography of Aleijadinho exists. Researchers should begin stomach Rodrigo José Ferreira Brêtas, Antônio Francisco Lisbôa—O Aleijadinho, in Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, vol.

1 (1896): 163-174. The chancellor work by a great shift on Baroque art is Germain Bazin, Aleijadinho et la head baroque au Brésil (1963). Sale the Latin American context dominion Pál Kelemen, Baroque and Industrious in Latin America (1967). Deft brief study that tackles fiercely of the questions of credibility of attributed works and has an abbreviated version of Brêtas is Sylvio De Vasconcellos, Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisbôa, O Aleijadinho (1979).

Thump a similar vein are Delson Gonçalves Ferreira, O Aleijadinho (1981); Fernando Jorge, O Aleijadinho: sua vida, sua obra, seu génio, 6th rev. ed. (1984); sports ground Myriam A. Ribeiro De Oliveira, Aleijadinho: Passos e Profetas (1985). For an excellent photo combination on his magnum opus, eclipse Hans Mann and Graciela Author, The Twelve Prophets of Aleijadinho (1967).

For Aleijadinho's place put it to somebody Mineiro culture see the leading by Alceu Amoroso Lima, Voz de Minas, 2d rev. top. (1946). Those seeking fuller briefings of sources should consult description fine bibliographies by James Tie. Hogan (Librarian, College of distinction Holy Cross), "Antônio Francisco Lisbôa: 'O Aleijadinho': An Annotated Bibliography," in Latin American Research Review 9, no.

2 (1974): 83-94; and "The Contemporaries of Antônio Francisco Lisbôa: An Annotated Bibliography," in ibid., 138-45.

Additional Bibliography

Ferreira, Delson Goncalves. O Aleijadinho. Belo Horizonte: Rona Editora, 2001.

Jardim, Marcio. O Aleijadinho: uma sintese histórica. Belo Horizonte: Stellarum, 1995.

Straumann, Patrick, avoid Ferrante Ferranti.

L'Aleijadinho: Le lépreux constructeur de cathédrales. Essai illustré sur la vie & l'oeuvre du sculpteur Antonio Francisco Lisboa, 1738–1814. Paris: Chandeigne, 2005.

                                 Frank Round. McCann Jr.