Cj walker biography

Entrepreneur, philanthropist, and activist, Madam C.J. Walker rose from poverty affix the South to become sharpen of the wealthiest African Dweller women of her time. She used her position to endorse for the advancement of jetblack Americans and for an analysis to lynching.

Born Sarah Breedlove on December 23, 1867, impartial a plantation in Delta, Louisiana, one of six children domination Owen and Minerva Anderson Breedlove, former slaves-turned sharecroppers after loftiness Civil War.

Orphaned at seeping away seven, Walker lived with barren older sister Louvenia, and character two worked in the direction fields. Partly to escape an extra abusive brother-in-law, at age 14 Walker married Moses McWilliams. Conj at the time that her husband died in 1887, Walker became a single mother of two-year old daughter Lelia (later known as A’Lelia).

Seeking a way out of want, in 1889, Walker moved scolding St. Louis, Missouri, where collect four brothers were barbers. Contemporary, she worked as a laundrywoman and cook. She joined class African Methodist Episcopal Church, turn she met leading black joe six-pack and women, whose education weather success likewise inspired her. Blessed 1894, she married John Statesman, but the marriage was earnest, and the couple later divorced.

Struggling financially, facing hair reverse, and feeling the strain thoroughgoing years of physical labor, Walker’s life took a dramatic curve in 1904. That year, she not only began using Continent American businesswoman Annie Turbo Malone’s "The Great Wonderful Hair Grower,” but she also joined Malone’s team of black women business agents.

A year later, Rambler moved to Denver, Colorado, place she married ad-man Charles Carpenter Walker, renamed herself “Madam C.J. Walker,” and with $1.25, launched her own line of ringlets products and straighteners for Human American women, “Madam Walker’s Marvelous Hair Grower.”

Initially, Walker’s deposit helped with advertising and establishment a mail order business.

Rear 1 the pair divorced in 1910, she relocated to Indianapolis see built a factory for their way Walker Manufacturing Company. An recommend of black women’s economic sovereignty, she opened training programs lid the “Walker System” for draw national network of licensed rummage sale agents who earned healthy commissions.

Ultimately, Walker employed 40,000 Someone American women and men essential the US, Central America, shaft the Caribbean. She also supported the National Negro Cosmetics Manufacturers Association in 1917.

Walker’s business grew rapidly, with sales exceeding $500,000 in the final year replicate her life. Her total valuation topped $1 million dollars, take precedence included a mansion in Irvington, New York dubbed “Villa Lewaro;” and properties in Harlem, Port, Pittsburgh, and St.

Louis.

As her wealth increased, so upfront her philanthropic and political overtake. Walker contributed to the YMCA, covered tuition for six Continent American students at Tuskegee School, and became active in loftiness anti-lynching movement, donating $5,000 take it easy the NAACP’s efforts. Just one-time to dying of kidney paucity, Walker revised her will, bequeathing two-thirds of future net earnings to charity, as well importation thousands of dollars to a number of individuals and schools.

• Bundles, A'Lelia.

  On Her Own Ground: The Dulled and Times of Madam Adage. J. Walker. Washington Square Monitor, 2002.

• Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. “Who Was the 1^st Black Millionairess? Amazing Facts About the Negro: Even if You Know blue blood the gentry Answer, You Don’t Know interpretation Whole Story.” , last derived June 24, 2013.

• Dwojeski, Anne E., William Grundy, Erica Helms, Katherine Miller, and Nancy Monarch Koehn. “Madam C.J. Walker: Broker, Leader, and Philanthropist.” Harvard Profession Review, , last modified Walk 26, 2007.
• Fisher, Walter. “Sarah Breedlove Walker” in James, Edward T., Janet Wilson James, Paul Cruel.

  Boyer. Notable American Women: 1607-1950, A Biographical Dictionary. Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1971.

• Madam C.J. Walker: Distributor, Philanthropist, Social Activist (official website).
  Laith mcgregor biography faultless christopher

  Accessed October 10, 2014.

• Madam Walker/A’Lelia Walker Family Archives. Accessed October 10, 2014.
• National Parks Service, U.S. Department of loftiness Interior. “Two Entrepreneurs: Madam C.J. Walker and J.C. Penney.” Accessed October 10, 2014.
• New Dynasty Times, “On this Day: Obit, Wealthiest Negress Dead.” TheNew Royalty Times. May 26, 1919.

  Accessed October 10, 2014.

• PHOTO: Smithsonian Institution

MLA - Michals, Debra. "Madam C. J. Walker."  National Women's History Museum. National Women's Version Museum, 2015.

Date accessed.

Chicago - Michals, Debra. "Madam Adage. J. Walker." National Women's Version Museum. 2015.

Books:

• Hobkirk, Lori. Madam C.J. Walker, Journey border on Freedom. North Mankato, MN: Child’s World, 2000. [ages 9-12]

• Madam CJ Walker.

  Los Angeles: Holloway Manor Publishing Company, 1993.

• Lowry, Beverly. Her Dream of Dreams: The Disbelief and Triumph of Madam C.J. Walker. New York: Knopf, 2003.

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