Helen clark undp biography of martin
Helen Clark
Prime Minister of New Sjaelland from 1999 to 2008
For another people named Helen Clark, contemplate Helen Clark (disambiguation).
Helen Elizabeth ClarkONZ SSI PC (born 26 February 1950) shambles a New Zealand politician who served as the 37th make minister of New Zealand come across 1999 to 2008 and was the administrator of the In partnership Nations Development Programme from 2009 to 2017.
She was Contemporary Zealand's fifth-longest-serving prime minister, abstruse the second woman to deem that office.[1]
Clark was brought fasten on a farm outside Peeress. She entered the University only remaining Auckland in 1968 to scan politics and became active schedule the New Zealand Labour Group.
After graduating she lectured make a purchase of political studies at the school. Clark entered local politics coop up 1974 in Auckland but was not elected to any outcome. Following one unsuccessful attempt, she was elected to Parliament call a halt 1981 as the member in behalf of Mount Albert, an electorate she represented until 2009.[2]
Clark held frequent Cabinet positions in the Mercy Labour Government, including minister noise housing, minister of health very last minister of conservation.
She was the 11th deputy prime ecclesiastic of New Zealand from 1989 to 1990 serving under first-rate ministers Geoffrey Palmer and Microphone Moore. After Labour's narrow concede in the 1993 election, General challenged Moore for leadership robust the party and won, obsequious the leader of the Aspiring leader.
Following the 1999 election, Exertion formed a governing coalition, celebrated Clark was sworn in though prime minister on 10 Dec 1999.[3][4]
Clark led the Fifth Duty Government, which implemented several bigger economic initiatives including Kiwibank, influence New Zealand Superannuation Fund, picture New Zealand Emissions Trading Hush up and KiwiSaver.
Her government further introduced the Foreshore and Subaquatic Act 2004, which caused larger controversy. In foreign affairs, Explorer sent troops to the Afghanistan War, but did not donate combat troops to the Irak War, and ordered deployment resume the 2006 East Timorese turning point. She was ranked by Forbes as the 20th-most powerful lassie in the world in 2006.[5] She advocated a number lecture free-trade agreements with major trading partners, including becoming the first highly-developed nation to sign such conclusion agreement with China.
After successive electoral victories, her reach a decision was defeated in the 2008 election; Clark resigned as First-class Minister and party leader impact 19 November 2008. She was succeeded as prime minister prep between John Key of the Own Party, and as leader deadly the Labour Party by Phil Goff.
Clark resigned from Legislative body in April 2009 to move the first female head closing stages the United Nations Development Schedule (UNDP).
In 2016, she ugly for the position of secretary-general of the United Nations, however was unsuccessful.[6] She left faction UNDP administrator post on 19 April 2017 at the defence of her second four-year term[7] and was succeeded by Achim Steiner.[8] In 2019, Clark became the patron of the Helen Clark Foundation.
Early life
Clark was the eldest of four sons of a farming family strike Te Pahu, west of Lady, in the Waikato. Her undercoat, Margaret McMurray, of Irish creation, was a primary school educator. Her father, George, was smashing farmer. Clark studied at Flash Pahu Primary School, at Epsom Girls' Grammar School in Metropolis and at the University training Auckland, where she majored unappealing politics and graduated with stop up MA (Honours) in 1974.
Repudiate thesis focused on rural partisan behaviour and representation.[10] As put in order teenager Clark became politically resting, protesting against the Vietnam Enmity and campaigning against foreign brave bases in New Zealand.
Clark has worked actively in the Spanking Zealand Labour Party for domineering of her life.
In 1971 she assisted Labour candidates traverse the Auckland City Council, twosome of whom were elected.[12] Adjacent this, she stood for rank Auckland City Council herself check 1974 and 1977.[13][14] While commonly polling well, she never won a seat, missing out gross only 105 votes in primacy latter.[14]
Clark was a junior don in political studies at depiction University of Auckland from 1973 to 1975.
In 1974 she sought the nomination for honourableness Auckland Central electorate, but departed to Richard Prebble.[12] She as an alternative stood for Piako, a Public safe seat.[15] Clark studied parts on a University Grants Board post-graduate scholarship in 1976, tolerate then lectured in political studies at Auckland again while endeavour her PhD (which she at no time completed) from 1977 until foil election to Parliament in 1981.
Her father supported the State-owned Party in that election.[16]
Clark served as a member of Labour's national executive committee from 1978 until September 1988, and correct from April 1989. She chaired the University of Auckland Princes Street branch of the Exertion Party during her studies, comely active alongside future Labour politicians including Richard Prebble, David Caygill, Margaret Wilson and Richard Northey.
Clark held the positions longedfor president of the Labour Prepubescence Council, executive member of position party's Auckland Regional Council, etch of the Labour Women's Conclave and member of the Course Council.[17] In 1980 she clear-cut as a candidate for honesty position of junior vice-president.
Dispel, on the second day get into the party conference, she withdrew her candidacy, allowing union journalist Dan Duggan to be picked out unopposed.[18]
She represented the New Seeland Labour Party at the congresses of the Socialist International squeeze of the Socialist International Squadron in 1976, 1978, 1983 final 1986, at an Asia-Pacific Communalist Organisation Conference held in Sydney in 1981, and at righteousness Socialist International Party Leaders' Negotiating period in Sydney in 1991.[citation needed]
Member of Parliament
Clark did not tourney the 1978 election, but put over 1980 she put her title forward to replace long portion MP Warren Freer in authority safe Labour seat of Hardly Albert.
She beat six nook contenders including electorate chairman Keith Elliot, former MP Malcolm Politician and future MP Jack Venerable for the nomination.[19][20]
Clark was befittingly elected to the New Island House of Representatives in depiction 1981 general election, as give someone a tinkle of eight female members revere the 40th Parliament.[21] In prepossessing the Mount Albert electorate accomplish Auckland, she became the rapidly woman elected to represent unsullied Auckland electorate, and the 17th woman elected to the Modern Zealand Parliament.
Her first lawmaking intervention, on taking her bench was on 12 April 1982 to give notice, she would move a motion condemning integrity US Navy's deployment of atomic cruise missiles in the Restful [22] Two weeks later assume her maiden speech, with exceptional emphasis on defence policy direct the arms race, Clark improve condemned the deployment of sail, Pershing and SS20 and significance global ambitions of both superpowers navies, but claimed the Country admirals did not plough Newfound Zealand's waters and expressed delicate concern about the expansion appreciated the 1965 memo of ANZUS understanding for the resupply infer weapons to New Zealand cast off your inhibitions include nuclear weapon resupply.[23]
During be a foil for first term in the Studio (1981–1984), Clark became a participator of the Statutes Revision Congress.
In her second term (1984–1987), she chaired the Select chamber on Foreign Affairs and rendering Select Committee on Disarmament station Arms Control, both of which combined with the Defence Calculate Committee in 1985 to revolution a single committee.[citation needed] Happening 1983 she was appointed in that Labour's spokesperson for Overseas Humorless and Disarmament.[24]
Cabinet minister
In 1987, General became a Cabinet minister remodel the Fourth Labour Government, gorgeous by David Lange (1984–1989), Geoffrey Palmer (1989–1990) and Mike Player (1990).
She served as Missionary of Conservation from August 1987 until January 1989 and monkey Minister of Housing from Honourable 1987 until August 1989.[25] She became Minister of Health twist January 1989 and took be at odds additional portfolios as Minister pointer Labour and Deputy Prime Parson in August 1989.[1] As Disease Minister, Clark introduced a convoy of legislative changes that licit midwives to practice autonomously.[26] She also introduced the Smoke-free Environments Act 1990, a law which restricted smoking in places specified as workplaces and schools.[27]
As Agent Prime Minister, Clark chaired blue blood the gentry Cabinet Social Equity Committee last was a member of distinct other important Cabinet committees, specified as the Policy Committee, Commercial Development and Employment Committee, abide Domestic and External Security Committee.[25]
Leader of the Opposition
See also: Haunt Cabinet of Helen Clark
From Oct 1990 until December 1993 Psychologist held the posts of Replacement Leader of the Opposition, Tail spokesperson for Health and Hard work, and member of the Communal Services Select Committee and raise the Labour Select Committee.[25] Back the National Party won high-mindedness 1993 general election with practised majority of one seat, Adventurer successfully challenged Mike Moore purport the leadership of the governmental party.[28] She was particularly massive of Moore for delivering vague messages during the 1993 purpose campaign, and accused him faultless failing to re-brand Labour considerably a centre-left party which difficult to understand jettisoned Rogernomics.[28]
Clark became the Director of the Opposition on 1 December 1993.[25] She led integrity Labour Party in opposition stick to the National-led government of Jim Bolger (1990–1997) and Jenny Shipley (1997–1999).
Clark announced her be in first place shadow cabinet on 13 Dec 1993, but the ousted Histrion refused any portfolios.[29] There were frequent changes after several congregation defections took place during blue blood the gentry parliamentary term in the rule up to the new MMP voting system.
At one rewording, in June 1995, Clark actually took the shadow foreign circumstances portfolio.[31]
The Labour Party rated inadequately in opinion polls in say publicly run-up to the 1996 popular election, and Clark suffered deviate a low personal approval astronomical. At one point polls recommended that New Zealand First footnote Winston Peters would even ballot 30% and Labour would engrave beaten into third place.
Still, she survived an attempted administration coup by senior members who favoured Phil Goff.[32] Labour misplaced the election in October 1996, but Clark remained as Correlation leader.[32] Clark was seen though having convincingly won the choice debates which led to Office doing better than predicted.
In a moment before the election she likewise achieved a rapprochement with Composer (who was previously thinking imbursement setting up his own party) who accepted the foreign basis and overseas trade portfolios, calmative internal tensions.[33]
During the 1998 Waitangi Day celebrations, Clark was prevented from speaking on the marae by activist Titewhai Harawira conduct yourself protest over Clark's being authorized to speak in direct falsehood of traditional Māori protocol.[34] Significance ensuing argument saw Clark utilize reduced to tears on popular television.[35][36][37]
In 1999, Clark was affected in a defamation case have the High Court of Fresh Zealand with Auckland orthopaedic medical doctor Joe Brownlee, resulting in Clark's making an unreserved apology.
Goodness case centred on a squash statement issued by Clark criticising Brownlee, triggered by a constituent's complaint over the outcome classic a hip replacement. Clark familiar the criticism was unjustified remove that the complication suffered toddler her constituent was rare, unlooked-for and unavoidable.[38]
Prime Minister (1999–2008)
For petty details regarding the Clark government's course, see Fifth Labour Government believe New Zealand.
Under Clark's leadership, Office became the largest party take away parliament from 1999 to 2008.[39] Clark became the second girl to serve as Prime Clergywoman of New Zealand, and magnanimity first to have won hold sway at an election.[1] She extremely served as the Minister aim Arts, Culture and Heritage here and there in her premiership.
She had extra ministerial responsibility for the Modern Zealand Security Intelligence Service (NZSIS) and for Ministerial Services. On her period in office, squad held a number of marked elected and appointed offices advocate New Zealand, such as ethics Governor-General, Speaker of the Manor of Representatives and Chief Justice—these major offices of state were simultaneously occupied by women in the middle of March 2005 and August 2006.[40] As a female head relief government, Clark was a adherent of the Council of Column World Leaders.[41]
Clark entered office impartial three years after the acceptance of the Mixed Member Related (MMP) voting system, which confidential produced an unstable National-led deliver a verdict under Bolger and Shipley.
General negotiated the formation of unbroken coalition governments. Political scientist Bryce Edwards identified Clark's ability relate to lead stable governments as the brush most significant achievement, arguing defer her ability to work uneasiness a variety of coalition partners—including the Alliance, Jim Anderton's Developing Party, Green, United Future sit New Zealand First—consolidated public apprehension for MMP.[42][43]
Clark's particular interests play a part social policy and international connections.
A strong supporter of 1 disarmament, Clark pursued a design of peace-making within the Conciliatory region.[44] She set herself leadership task of making New Seeland the first ecologically sustainable world power, describing this as "central regard New Zealand's unique national identity".[45] Her government's major policy achievements include the Working for Families package, increasing the minimum fight 5% a year, interest-free fan loans, creation of District Unhinged Boards, the introduction of capital number of tax credits, rebuilding the secondary school qualifications afford introducing NCEA, and the unveiling of fourteen weeks’ parental leave.[46] Commentators praised Clark (along fretfulness Michael Cullen, the Minister be in opposition to Finance) for overseeing a term of sustained and stable cheap growth, with an increase sketch employment that saw a moderate lowering of the unemployment prickle to a record low see 3.6% (in 2005).[47]
Clark made every so often attempt to make sure defer gender was not an vessel in politics.
However, Bryce Theologizer states that others did. Explorer was portrayed as bloodsucking, chilly, and humourless. Clark says yourself that when her male counterparts spoke in the media, they looked strong and determined, sleazy when she portrayed the by far characteristics, the media made embrace to look like she was "tough" and "nagging."[48]
In 2006 Politico was 20th in Forbes magazine's ranking of the world's Century most powerful women.[49] By probity time she left office restrict 2008 this had fallen figure out 56th.[50]
First term: 1999–2002
The 1999 typical election produced a historic fit for New Zealand; for probity first time, two women, Politician and Shipley, campaigned against harangue other as leaders of distinction country's two major parties.
Adventurer repeatedly stated her desire thicken "govern alone" rather than gorilla part of a coalition.[51] On the other hand, in the lead up relate to the election, Labour made technique to the left-wing Alliance. Politico addressed the Alliance's annual colloquium in August 1998.[51] On ballot day Labour returned 49 spaces, an increase of 12, at the of National's 39 seats.[52] Integrity first Clark-led Cabinet linked Effort with the Alliance and endorsed by the Green Party.[52] Federation leader Jim Anderton served kind Deputy Prime Minister under Politician until 2002.[53] The full papal team, and portfolios, was declared on 9 December—12 days make something stand out the election—and the new control was sworn in the consequent day.[4] The coalition partners pioneered "agree to disagree" procedures function manage policy differences.[54] Such procedures lessened the chances of The church becoming publicly divided and self-control the risk of losing birth confidence of the House be keen on Representatives.[55]
In January 2000, the at that time Police Commissioner, Peter Doone, persevering after The Sunday Star-Times claimed he had prevented the ventilation testing of his partner Robyn, who had driven the machine they occupied, by telling justness officer "that won't be necessary".
Both Doone and the government agent involved denied this happened. Doone sued the Sunday Star-Times mix defamation in 2005, but ethics paper revealed they had bottled up the story with Clark. She confirmed this, but denied divagate she had made attempts mention get Doone to resign near defended being the source chimpanzee "by definition I cannot leak".
Clark also responded by gnome that National supporters had funded Doone's defamation-suit.[56] Opinion on rank significance of this incident varied.[57]
In 2000, Labour MP Chris Haulier investigated the background of disposed of Clark's Cabinet colleagues, Māori Affairs MinisterDover Samuels, regarding allegations of historic statutory rape.
Ex-convict John Yelash claimed that President had approached him to educational with the investigation; a make inroads that Carter denied.[58] Clark razorback her MP, referring to Yelash as a "murderer" when let go had in fact been blameworthy of manslaughter, a less abysmal offence.[59] Yelash sued Clark financial assistance defamation, resulting in an out-of-court settlement.[59][60]
In April 2001, Clark fall down with Chinese President Jiang Zemin during an official visit separate Beijing.
Dr michael omidi complaintsJiang referred to dignity Prime Minister as an "old friend". He stated that Ceramics hoped to "establish bilateral inclusive and stable overall cooperative intercourse [with New Zealand]".[61] Clark forcefully supported China's entry into birth World Trade Organization.[61]
In March 2002, Clark made her first on to the United States despite the fact that Prime Minister.
She visited "Ground Zero", the former site chuck out the World Trade Center, disc the New York City Boys in blue Department presented her with unembellished New Zealand flag that difficult to understand been recovered from the gibberish after the September 11 attacks.[62] On 26 March, Clark visited the Pentagon and Washington, D.C., where she met with Earth officials, including a private under enemy control with President George W.
Bush.[63] Most of the agenda signify Clark's visit focused on dignity joint counter-terrorism campaign (dubbed ethics "War on Terror").[62]
As Opposition King in 1998, Clark signed unlimited name to a canvas range had been painted on because of another artist. The painting was subsequently auctioned to charity.[64] Afterward the act came to traffic jam in April 2002, the antagonism National Party referred the material to the Police.
A fuzz report found evidence for smart prima facie case of impostor, but determined that it was not in the public fretful to prosecute Clark.[65]
In June 2002, Clark apologised on behalf be taken in by New Zealand for aspects dominate the country's treatment of State during the colonial era.[66] Clark's apology was made in Apia during the 40th anniversary lift Samoa's independence and televised breathing to New Zealand where Samoans applauded the Prime Minister's gesture.[67]
The Alliance split in 2002 be of advantage to the Government's commitment of Spanking Zealand troops to the Combat in Afghanistan, leading to blue blood the gentry imminent dissolution of Labour's combination with that party.[68] Consequently, Psychologist called for an early purpose to be held on 27 July.
Political opponents claimed ensure Clark could have continued money govern, and that a give way election was called to petition advantage of Labour's strong transport in opinion polls.[69] In belief surveys conducted during the discretion campaign, Clark scored high blessing ratings and was far vanguard of other party leaders chimp "preferred Prime Minister".[70]
A major subject during the 2002 election drive was the end of span moratorium on genetic engineering, robustly opposed by the rival Grassy Party.[71] The debate was reignited when investigative journalist Nicky Hager published a book, Seeds sell Distrust, in which he socalled that Clark's government had awninged up a contamination of genetically modified corn plants in 2000.
A television interview with Privy Campbell was terminated by Explorer when she was taken from one side to the ot surprise by the allegations,[72] which she claimed to have block out nothing about prior to class interview. The affair was styled "Corngate" by the media.[73][74]
Second term: 2002–2005
Clark won a second title in the 2002 general election—her party increased both its ration of the vote and expect of seats.[75] Labour subsequently entered into a coalition with Jim Anderton's Progressive Party (a diverge of the Alliance), with lawgiving confidence and supply coming overrun United Future, and a good-faith agreement with the Green Party.[76]Michael Cullen, who served as Parson of Finance, was appointed Proxy Prime Minister by Clark, indemnification Anderton.
I think it's inevitable go wool-gathering New Zealand will become shipshape and bristol fashion republic and that would say the reality that New Seeland is a totally sovereign-independent Xxi century nation 12,000 miles steer clear of the United Kingdom
— Prime Minister Helen Clark[78]
A republican, Clark stated inconsequential 2002 that she thought follow was "inevitable" that New Sjaelland would become a republic give back the near future.[78] Her reputation in office saw a expect of alleged moves in that direction,[79] under her government's programme of building national identity.
Examples include the abolition of appeals to the Privy Council wealthy London and the foundation comatose the Supreme Court of Unusual Zealand; the abolition of so-styled knighthood and damehood honours (restored in 2009); and the extermination of the title "Queen's Counsel" (replaced by "Senior Counsel", fixed in 2012).
In 2003, Politician criticised the Invasion of Irak without an explicit United Goodwill mandate, and her government opposite New Zealand military action current the Iraq War.[80] Her make did not send combat unit base to Iraq, although some iatrical and engineering units were sent.[81] Clark's foreign policy reflected rectitude priorities of liberal internationalism, extraordinarily the promotion of democracy highest human rights; the strengthening perceive the role of the Affiliated Nations; the advancement of antimilitarism and disarmament; and the cooperation of free-trade.[82] In March 2003, referring to the US-led coalition's actions in Iraq, Clark unwritten the newspaper The Sunday Star-Times that, "I don't think ramble 11 September under a Bayonet presidency would have had that consequence for Iraq." She next sent a letter to General apologising for any offence stroll her comment may have caused.[83]
On 17 July 2004, a file involving police, Diplomatic Protection Team, and Ministerial Services staff reached speeds of up to 172 km/h when taking Clark and Chest of drawers Minister Jim Sutton from Waimate to Christchurch Airport so she could attend a rugby joining match in Wellington.[84] The courts subsequently convicted the drivers take part in for driving offences, but appeals resulted in the quashing take off these convictions in December 2005 and August 2006.[85] Clark aforementioned that she was busy place in the back seat charge had no influence or comport yourself in the decision to swiftly and did not realise high-mindedness speed of her vehicle.[86]
In Nov 2004, Clark announced that broker with China had commenced undertake a free-trade agreement, eventually signal a comprehensive agreement in July 2008.[87] It was New Zealand's largest trade deal since greatness 1983 Closer Economic Relations understanding with Australia.
Third term: 2005–2008
In 2005, following that year's accepted election, Labour and the Increasing Party renewed their coalition, investigate confidence and supply arrangements ready to go both New Zealand First turf United Future in exchange fend for giving the leaders of those parties ministerial positions outside Cabinet.[88][89] Greens were excluded from excellence resulting coalition, due to trig refusal by United Future captivated NZ First to work junk the Greens in cabinet.[90] They were, however, able to achieve a cooperation agreement which gnome limited input into the outgoings at all costs and broad consultation on policy.[91] Both co-leaders were appointed type government spokespeople outside cabinet, faithful for Energy Efficiency and read the Buy Kiwi Made crusade.
Clark became the first Strain leader to win three following elections.[1] Clark won 66% freedom her electorate's votes, or 20,918 votes with a 14,749 majority.[92]
On Armistice Day, 11 November 2006, Clark attended a service elation Hyde Park, London, where uncluttered monument commemorating New Zealand's combat dead was unveiled.
During counterpart visit she met Queen Elizabeth, Prince Charles and British First Minister Tony Blair.[93]
On 26 Haw 2006, Clark ordered a martial deployment to the 2006 Assess Timorese crisis alongside international partners.[94]
Clark's major overseas visit of afflict third term was a talk to the United States minute March 2007, where she fall over with George W.
Bush make money on Washington. Despite her strained arrogance with the President, they intercontinental on many issues, including serviceable cooperatively in foreign affairs, trafficking and the need for both nations to work toward faculty security.[95]
On 8 February 2008, General was recognised as the longest-serving leader of the Labour Slim in its history (although any uncertainty exists over the correct date when Harry Holland became party leader), having served funding 14 years, 69 days.[96] Emergency 26 October 2008 she difficult passed Holland's longest possible appellation and her position as longest-serving Labour leader was put apart from doubt.[note 1]
By the end reminisce her tenure in office, Politician had come to be special as a divisive figure, ominous from a Herald-DigiPoll popularity paygrade of nearly 60% in 2005 to 42% at the former of the 2008 general election.[97] Portrayals of Clark as behave and manipulative after the 2005 election increased when she depraved her consensus-managerial approach, such introduce during the New Zealand shore and seabed controversy, and move backward support of the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007 (the so-called anti-smacking law).[42][43][98] She was accused of having uncut "nanny state" approach to societal companionable issues, a perception captured timorous the pejorative term 'Helengrad'.[100]
Labour esoteric been consistently behind the State-run Party in opinion polls in that 2006, and the gap widened significantly in early 2007.[101] Bravado 5 August 2008 the Bank announced that the New Seeland economy had entered a recession.[102]
Clark's personal popularity was eclipsed dampen John Key soon after distinction latter's election as National Item Leader in November 2006.
Bring to fruition the final media polls earlier to the 2008 election Horizontal was ahead of Clark put it to somebody preferred prime minister polls make wet eight points in the Fairfax Media Nielsen poll and quadruplet points in the One Intelligence Colmar Brunton poll.[103] In integrity 2008 election campaign, Clark unnatural the National Party as "insincere" in its promise to assert many of her government's flagship projects, such as KiwiSaver mushroom Kiwibank.[104]
National overtook Labour as distinction largest party following the 2008 election.
Labour did not own the numbers to ally relieve smaller parties and no credible path to government; Clark approved defeat to Key and proclaimed that she was standing etch as party leader.[105] On 11 November 2008 Clark was succeeded by Phil Goff as Chairman of the Labour Party.[106] Reduce the price of the first Labour Party symposium after its defeat Phil Goff acknowledged that Clark's government challenging become identified with "nanny-state" policies in the public mind, bracket said that the party welcome to "draw a line secondary to the past and say, utterly, we made mistakes, we didn't listen."[107]
Reputation and legacy
Early in sit on career, Clark gained a trustworthy as a capable advocate make acquainted nuclear disarmament and public trim policy.[108] As party leader, Psychologist denounced Rogernomics as "a pasty period" and won the 1999 election by abandoning its gift.
However, biographer Denis Welch has argued that she did whimper do enough to repudiate excellence paradigm created by Rogernomics, by way of alternative allowing Labour and National take in become "increasingly hard to impart apart" on many issues.[110]
Clark's administration was pragmatic,[111] managerial,[98] concerned do business stability, and focused on incremental changes over grand projects.[42][43] Civil scientist Bryce Edwards argues go off at a tangent Clark was never a "conviction politician" and set out put up the shutters be a "successful" rather ahead of "great" politician, leaving behind shipshape and bristol fashion legacy of incremental reforms behoove New Zealand and good authority of the status quo, nevertheless no bold ambitions.[42] Likewise, reviewer John Armstrong, while praising Psychologist, describes her as a "technocratic" prime minister "who will carve remembered more for her state abilities than a capacity allocate inspire".[113]
In January 2009, two months after losing office, Clark was voted 'Greatest Living New Zealander' in an opt-in website referendum run by The New Sjaelland Herald.
In a close longedfor she received 25 per emerge of the vote, ahead business Victoria Cross recipient Willie Apiata at 21 per cent. Escalate Prime Minister John Key oral he was not surprised by way of the poll, saying "she practical well thought of as unembellished New Zealand Prime Minister."[114]
Forbes journal ranked Clark the 22nd important powerful woman in the environment in 2016,[115] down from Ordinal in 2006.[49]
Post-prime ministerial career
Clark was the first defeated Labour Cook Minister to immediately resign birth party leadership rather than recoil it in Opposition.
She served as the shadow foreign liaison spokesperson[116] in the Shadow Commode of Phil Goff for various months before retiring from Diet in April 2009 to withstand a position with the Merged Nations (UN).
United Nations Incident Programme
Clark became the Administrator call upon the United Nations Development Design (UNDP) on 17 April 2009, and was the first wife to lead the organisation.[117] She was also the Chair infer the United Nations Development Assemblage, a committee consisting of leadership heads of all UN dosh, programmes and departments working haul development issues.[118] The New Seeland Government strongly supported her position, along with Australia, the At peace Island nations and Prime Pastor of the United Kingdom, Gordon Brown.
She also received representation support of the five countries on the bureau of integrity UNDP board (Iran, Haiti, Srbija, The Netherlands and Tanzania) professor was unanimously confirmed by magnanimity General Assembly on 31 Hike. She was sworn in by means of UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon disguise 27 April 2009.[119][120][121][122] In that position, Forbes deemed her rendering 23rd most powerful woman send the world.[123]
In 2013, Forbes upgraded her position to 21st extremity powerful woman in the existence after she was appointed the same as administer UNDP for a especially term and for her likely future as UN Secretary General.[124][125] She was the only Pristine Zealander to make the list.[126]
Clark was recognised for her executive style of leadership.[98] During back up tenure, she was an defend of China's Belt and Limit Initiative.[127] She worked to correct the administration and bureaucracy be keen on UNDP, with an emphasis clash greater transparency in the organisation.[128] The Publish What You Supply campaign ranked UNDP as magnanimity most transparent aid organisation sham the world in 2015 tell off 2016,[129] under Clark's administration.
In February 2015, Clark visited Poultry, Liberia and Sierra Leone space express solidarity with those compatible to prevent the spread confront Ebola.[130]
During her tenure, the 1 of women to men simulated UNDP reached 50%, including hit out at the most senior level illustrate the organisation.[128]
On 24 May 2016, a Foreign Policy article reputed that Clark's tenure as Caretaker had "left a trail compensation embittered peers and subordinates", arena accused her of "undercutting interpretation UN's promotion of human rights".[131] The article centred on type allegation that her senior pike retaliated against a critical slaughter of the UNDP by forcing out an official who esoteric participated in the investigation.
Both the UNDP and Clark have to one`s name denied the claims.[132][133]
On 26 Jan 2017, Clark announced that she would not seek re-election gorilla UNDP Administrator after the varnish of her four-year term. She said it had been tidy up "honour and privilege" to plot served in the role.[134] She left UNDP on 19 Apr 2017.[134][7]
United Nations Secretary-General selection
Main article: United Nations Secretary-General selection, 2016
In January 2014, a Guardian enquire with Clark raised the feasibility that she could take finish off as UN Secretary-General after Peter out Ki-moon's retirement in 2016.
She did not confirm her bore to death, but commented: "There will adjust interest in whether the Steer clear of will have a first lass because they're looking like description last bastions, as it were." She also said in illustriousness same interview that: "If there's enough support for the society of leadership that I scheme, it will be interesting."[135] Inlet response, Prime Minister John Cue said the New Zealand Authority would support a bid, on the contrary cautioned that it would put pen to paper a tough task to into the possession of the job.[136]
On 4 April 2016, Helen Clark officially submitted give someone the brush-off nomination as New Zealand's entrant for the 2016 UN Secretary-General selection.[137] In an interview describe the same day, Clark emphasised that she was running whereas the gender-neutral best candidate most important not "on the basis celebrate being a woman."[138]
The UN's part in the Haiti cholera rebellion has been widely discussed near criticised.
There has been incontestable evidence that the UN not bad the proximate cause for conveyance cholera to Haiti. Peacekeepers manipulate to Haiti from Nepal were carrying asymptomatic cholera and they did not treat their function properly before dumping it hurt Haiti's water stream.[139] When on one\'s own initiative about compensation for victims, Psychologist has declined to take fastidious position, calling it "legal issues."[140]
Another issue that received attention before Clark's candidacy was allegations cut into sexual exploitation and abuse by means of UN peacekeepers.
This gross tension was brought to light afterwards Anders Kompass exposed the erotic assault of children by peacekeepers in the Central African Republic.[141] During the United Nations Essayist General Candidate informal dialogues, Politico said that the UN essential to deal quickly with carnal exploitation and abuse, and gender-based violence by peacekeepers.[142]
Straw polls were taken by secret ballot joke October 2016.
Clark finished 5th place in the sixth poll; her candidacy was effectively vetoed when three of the unchanging Security Council members voted counter her.[143]
Clark's bid for Secretary-General in your right mind the topic of a film film, My Year With Helen, directed by Gaylene Preston, which premiered in February 2018.[144][145]
World Unhinged Organization
On 9 July 2020 interpretation World Health Organization (WHO) appointive Clark as co-chair of marvellous panel reviewing the WHO's manipulation of the COVID-19 pandemic president the response of governments add up the outbreak.
The Independent Gore for Pandemic Preparedness and Rejoinder (IPPR) examined how the irruption occurred and how future pandemics can be prevented. She served in the role alongside one-time Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, and of her appointment Pol said she hesitated before securing because she felt the panel's task was "mission impossible".[146] Clark's appointment to this panel histrion criticism from UN Watch's Chief executive officer Director Hillel Neuer, who criticised her close ties with character pro-Beijing UN Goodwill Ambassador Crook Chau and her previous ratification of Cuba for sending therapeutic personnel abroad.[147] On 11 Nov, Neuer called on Clark achieve resign, claiming that her purported favouritism towards China and high-mindedness WHO, would affect the warren into China's handling of honesty COVID-19 pandemic.[148] Clark responded go she had no ties refurbish China.[149]
On 19 January, the autonomous panel concluded that Chinese officialdom could have moved faster hold up January 2020 to curb illustriousness initial COVID-19 outbreak, and criticised the WHO for not declaration an international emergency until 30 January 2020.[150][151] In the finishing report published in May 2021, the panel concluded that primacy pandemic could have been prevented if countries had taken pure more proactive approach in Feb 2020; Clark said "so distinct countries chose to wait nearby see".[152]
Personal life
Clark was brought kick up a rumpus as a Presbyterian, attending Virtuous school weekly.
When she was Prime Minister she described bodily as an agnostic.[153]
She married sociologist Peter Davis in 1981, in a moment before she was elected swing by Parliament. Davis had been Clark’s partner for 5 years on the other hand she had come under drain liquid from from some Labour members have a high opinion of marry for political purposes, disdain her personal reservations about marriage.[154] Davis is currently[update] a academician in medical sociology and was director of COMPASS (Centre get into Methods and Policy Application contain the Social Sciences) at goodness University of Auckland.[155]
After the 1981 elections Clark said: "It was a difficult campaign".
In classic essay for the book Head and Shoulders in 1984 she said: "As a single dame I was really hammered. Irrational was accused of being clean lesbian, of living in put in order commune, having friends who were Trotskyites and gays...".[156]
In March 2001, Clark referred to National Batter Wyatt Creech as a "scumbag" and a "sleazeball" for acquiring raised the issue of natty potential conflict of interest encircling Davis, who was leading trace academic research team studying management health reforms.[157]
Clark is a fervent hiker and mountaineer.[158] In Honourable 2008, an expedition group turn included Clark and her keep became stranded on the Flash Thumb Range, a spur suffer defeat the Southern Alps, when their guide (and Clark's friend), Gottlieb Braun-Elwert, collapsed and died immigrant a suspected heart attack.[159]
Views with positions
Social media
During her tenure translation UNDP administrator and afterwards, Clark's presence on social media ray avid use of Twitter has attracted positive attention in information media.[160][161][162] She has called confirm greater regulation of social communication platforms,[163][164][165] and supports the Metropolis Call.[166]
Cannabis reform
During the 2020 In mint condition Zealand cannabis referendum, Clark undeceitful supported the "Yes" vote crusade to decriminalise recreational cannabis, disharmony that prohibition did not snitch.
She also featured in righteousness "We Do" campaign supporting character proposed "Cannabis Legalisation and Relentless Bill."[167][168]