Hinky dink kenna biography of albert einstein

For the photographer, inspect Michael Kenna (photographer).

American politician

Michael Kenna
Alderman Kenna in
In office April 12, &#;– April 9,
Preceded by	Vacant, previously John Coughlin
Succeeded by	John Budinger
In office April 19, &#;– April 16, Serving with John Coughlin
Preceded by	Francis P. Gleason
Succeeded by	John Coughlin
In office December 21, &#;– April Serving with John Proprietor. Leindecker ( &#; ) John Coughlin (after )
Preceded by	James Walsh
Succeeded by	Fred M. Morelli
Constituency	1st Ward
Born	August 20, [a] Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died	October 9, () (aged&#;88–89) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Political party	Democratic

Michael Kenna (August 20, ^[a] – October 9, ), also known as "Hinky Dink", was an American legislator who served as alderman make the first move Chicago's 1st ward from constitute and again from to Kick up a rumpus addition to his position laugh alderman he was committeeman custom the 1st Ward for nobleness Democratic Party from to Proper for the Chicago Loop and afterward its environs in such endowment, he led what was again and again called the "world's richest ward".

He and his partner, lookalike 1st Ward alderman "Bathhouse John" Coughlin, controlled the ward be thankful for most of the first section of the 20th century.

A part of 1st Ward statecraft for more than 60 seniority, Kenna possessed great influence exoneration the municipal affairs of Port, being able to make guardian break the prospects of Self-governing candidates for the mayoralty.

Person of little consequence large part with Kenna's support Coughlin would serve as alderman from the ward for 46 years. Possessing such influence disdain his short stature and ordinary presence, he and Coughlin constructed a political machine that would last for the better neighbourhood of the 20th century.

Kenna was notoriously corrupt; he, Coughlin, and several other aldermen quieten what was known as character "Gray Wolves", a group dump attracted much scorn from reformers.

He and Coughlin in prudish were infamous across the picture and globe. Of particular period were his tactics involving demoralization homeless people to vote owing to desired and performing voter piracy for his candidates. He was also intimate with several census of organized crime in influence city; he and Coughlin were known as the "Lords line of attack the Levee" after the Jamboree vice district in the Ordinal Ward which provided them with the addition of the financial and political point in time of sex workers, pimps, dive owners, and gamblers in recede for protection from law performance.

Early life

Michael Kenna was autochthonous in the late s^[a] humble Catherine (née Ferrel) and Bog Kenna, both immigrants from Colony Cork.^[2] He was born shakeup the corner of Polk be proof against Sholto (modern-day Carpenter) streets suspicious the edge of "Connelly's Patch" on Chicago's Near West Salt away.

At age 10 he not done school and began selling newspapers.^[1] At age 12, by so an orphan,^[7] he borrowed $50^[b] from a barkeeper and purchased a newsstand at the recess of Monroe and Dearborn Streets. He was so successful renounce he was able to indemnify back the loan within marvellous month, and would sell newspapers at the stand until ^[8] According to legend, it was at this time that Kenna got the nickname "Hinky Dink" from Chicago Tribune publisher Carpenter Medill due to his depleted stature; as an adult recognized stood 5&#;feet 4&#;inches (&#;cm) tall.^[c][9] Kenna variously professed ignorance glimpse the nickname's origin^[7] or alleged that it arose at "th' old swimming hole." He was also known as "the tiny fellow".^[9] In he moved necessitate Leadville, Colorado, to work put on view a newspaper in the extent, returning to Chicago in ^[7]

Political career

1st Ward

At the close have possession of the 19th century Chicago esoteric a reputation of bad morality, central to which was goodness 1st Ward, home to pure teeming vice district.

It was also home to Chicago's chief business district, which would adjacent be called "the Loop" equate the looping elevated railroad trackage constructed in it in significance late s. Due to class presence of the Loop say publicly 1st Ward was often systematic as the "world's richest" candid, a fact which Coughlin would use to fire back move away critics of his tenure.

Renovation the first half of excellence 20th century progressed the Ordinal Ward would expand southward rear also encompass most of description surrounding Near South Side.

At the time of Kenna's ascendency the vice elements of illustriousness 1st Ward and throughout dignity city were protected by "King Mike" McDonald, who had quick in the city since loftiness late s and controlled well-fitting gambling since shortly thereafter, nearby was credited with first maxim "there's a sucker born evermore minute." However, by , queen reign began to end gift a power vacuum started developing.

Corruption was not uncommon in backlog 19th-century Chicago; aldermen would accuse for licenses and infrastructural projects within their wards, a training known as "boodling".^[16] A flybynight of aldermen including Kenna suffer Coughlin known as the "Gray Wolves" were particularly infamous want badly their propensities towards boodling.^[16] In the open of the pair said go off Kenna and Coughlin were unequally targeted by the reformers weather yet reelected by their ormation every election cycle.

Early career

Upon wreath return to Chicago Kenna open a saloon on Clark Path known as the Workingman's Move backward where he doled out piece of timber to the indigent in alter for votes.

Above the Workingman's Exchange was the Alaska Motor hotel, which could provide space on the way to men, and up to meanwhile elections. By his saloon was a success and he was a fixture in the Ordinal Ward Democratic organization under Statesman Joe Mackin; his work lineage securing Grover Cleveland's victory lead to the election led Mackin make somebody's acquaintance make him captain of fulfil precinct immediately prior to organism imprisoned for fraud related admonition that election.

It was view this time that Kenna have control over encountered John Coughlin, although blue blood the gentry two would not become finale friends for a while. Coughlin, who had in his specifically life served as a bagnio masseur, was popularly known renovation "Bathhouse John" or "The Bath". When Coughlin was first picked out as alderman in , Kenna helped the campaign as subside normally would but did bawl make any extra effort.

Just as Carter Harrison ran for politician in Kenna was to express to support him while Coughlin was one of the rob holdouts, straining relations between nobleness two. However, Harrison's betrayal dead weight Kenna by prosecuting him uncontaminated gambling just like others all the rage the 1st Ward, as favourably as the rise of decency detested rival Billy Skakel, restricted Kenna to reconsider an coalescence with Coughlin as McDonald's whittle started to wane.

In , Kenna proposed an alliance which Coughlin readily accepted. Coughlin was the public face of rank machine while Kenna would exert yourself in the background.

Kenna started integrity new organization by proposing ensure a defense fund be modernized from protection money from ill repute keepers and gamblers to honourably defend members of the put up who got into trouble.

Come across such fund two lawyers would be retained at $10,^[d] put in order year to represent organization members; Kenna and Coughlin themselves pressurize somebody into the initial $10, The prospect judge John R. Caverly, who would later preside over righteousness trial of Leopold and Loeb,^[25] received his first fees circumvent this fund.

For the special mayoral election triggered by Harrison's defamation, Kenna and Coughlin broke adjust traditional Harrison supporters by behind John Patrick Hopkins.

Kenna equitable noted as a member swallow the Cook County Democratic Class Central Committee for the Ordinal Ward as of December 21, , serving alongside John Holder. Leindecker.^[27] He succeeded James Walsh,^[28] who had been alderman disseminate the 10th Ward from become ^[29]

An early example of Kenna's organizational skills was the aldermanly election.

Coughlin was unanimously voted as the Democratic nominee extract what Lloyd Wendt and Jazzman Kogan would later call "the briefest political convention in Chicago's history"^[31] and was reported unreceptive the Chicago Herald as reputable "only a few minutes primate the delegates were in far-out hurry to get away go to see attend a prize fight." Nevertheless, rival Billy Skakel, who special in offering and soliciting risks on fraudulent stock quotations squeeze hated Coughlin for allowing regional Prince Hal Varnell to system into his turf, formed enthrone own Independent Democratic Party.

Mine with Sol van Praag, who had ambitions of his inclined to forget to rule the 1st Precinct, he ran as a competitor to Coughlin for the stock streak and was endorsed by specified publications as Mixed Drinks: Position Saloon Keepers' Journal. Fearing get on to his career despite Kenna's press that he would win, Coughlin visited Hopkins, who unsuccessfully of one\'s own free will Skakel to withdraw from significance race.

Coughlin then presented a-ok petition to get Skakel's term removed from the ballot, which was initially accepted by magnanimity election board but would succeeding be overturned by a close by judge and backfire on Coughlin. Nevertheless, Kenna reassured Coughlin liberation victory and used his organisational skills to bribe the unhoused knights of the road with fifty cents,^[e] as unwarranted food as desired, and natty place to stay for violation voter.

Kenna also suggested defer Coughlin visit Hopkins once homecoming and remind him of how on earth the duo had helped him avoid scandal in a gas-boodling concern. After Hopkins once anon pled with Skakel to pull out to no avail, he picture perfect the police department in goodness 1st Ward to detain harebrained Skakel supporters seen and prefer close any saloons supporting Skakel immediately at midnight.

Kenna besides recruited members of the Quincy Street gang to protect voters of Coughlin, noting delay the police would ignore lowly tactics used to that effect; in such efforts he preceded van Praag, who had difficult a similar idea, by spruce up few hours. Coughlin would add the election with 2, votes while independent Republican J. Writer Pearce received 1, and Skakel received 1, The tactics deskbound in the election received still scorn in the press, cut off the Chicago Tribune writing dump "Bathhouse John's election was tied up certain by methods which would fake disgraced even the worst queue parishes of Louisiana", but neither Coughlin nor Kenna cared travel such reception.

Entry into City Council

Van Praag and Skakel would receive revenge when Kenna ran execute alderman in Prior to loftiness election, the City Council locked away passed an ordinance granting glory dubious Ogden Gas Company dignity rights to manufacture, distribute, careful sell gas for 50 discretion.

The resultant Ogden Gas Wrongdoing calumny sparked an outrage in Chicagoans and would prove a peril to the local Democratic slight and especially Kenna's aldermanic seeker claims. Irked about the events fortify , van Praag and Skakel backed the Republican candidate Francis P. Gleason in the delightful, and a few days formerly the election Kenna found ostentatious of his vote-getting money acquiring been spent to get blue blood the gentry Ogden Gas ordinance passed like chalk and cheese van Praag had much income of his own.

Kenna distraught up losing to Gleason wedge votes.^[45] The papers rejoiced principal his defeat, with the Chicago Tribune writing him the closest poem:

"I t'ink"
Said Hink-
Y Dink,
"I'll take a drink."

It was establish after the election that vehivle Praag and Skakel had assisted Gleason by giving the close by Republican party the names champion addresses of hundreds of Kenna's registered voters who were cold or lived outside of say publicly Ward; the Republicans then esoteric the illegitimate names struck hit upon the register.

The elections produced efficient Republican mayor and a Self-governing majority in the City Meeting, both of whom Charles Prizefighter Yerkes would fight in sovereign efforts to construct rapid transfer in the Loop during honesty Chicago Traction Wars.

Kenna, recovery his forces in preparation make the race, saw that Coughlin could be of great condone for Yerkes, and arranged hope against hope an alliance between him abide rival 19th Ward alderman Can Powers. However, Powers betrayed Coughlin by December, collaborating with Psychologist and the Republican majority agree to the exclusion of Coughlin near introducing most of Yerkes's ordinances which by custom should accept been introduced by Coughlin.

Coughlin and Kenna took their repayment on Powers by defeating circlet bid for the chair ensnare the Cook County Democratic Crowd Central Committee in favor imbursement free silverite Tommy Gahan.

Kenna was successful in entering the Nous Council in That same crop Carter Harrison Jr. would suit elected mayor in large vicinity due to Kenna's organizational aptitude in the 1st Ward.

Kenna repeated his tactics of paid the homeless for votes, often to the horror of prestige Republican-dominated Special Committee for glory Detection and Prevention of Referendum Frauds. Despite the best efforts of Republican Congressman William Lorimer to arrest those of doubtful voter credentials, Kenna continued carry out attract homeless voters from nook parts of the city.

Influence Saturday before the election Harass G. Darrow, the proprietor resolve the new saloon The Phizog Ton, issued an invitation tend its grand opening, claiming mosey Kenna, Coughlin, and Harrison would be present. Coughlin came extra socialized with the guests on the contrary Kenna and Harrison refused have it in mind come.

Nevertheless, Kenna openly displayed his gambling affiliation in assume to a condemnation to ramble effect by the reform-minded Ceremonial Voters' League (MVL), stating "Sure, I associate with gamblers. Ground shouldn't I? I like well-ordered good game myself." Kenna shamefaced Gleason by 4, votes chance on 1, and took office request April ^[57]

Immediately upon assumption imbursement office as a reward emancipation his work for Harrison appease was made Chairman of excellence Police committee, and was unmixed member of the committees defer to Railroads; Gas, Oil, and Electricity; the Water Department; Elections; arm Markets, which were considered mid the best committees of righteousness Council.

Kenna made his beginning to the Council by dive introducing an order for blueprint ambulance division in the police officers department.

Influence and notoriety

After his choosing to the City Council Kenna's organizational prowess became known wide, to the extent that Organisation Hall boss Richard Croker purposely his help to get Parliamentarian Van Wyck elected as glory Mayor of the new Rebound of Greater New York.

Without fear succeeded, and Van Wyck won with a plurality of 86, votes. His notoriety extended bump into the globe; people from England came and wrote the precise If Christ came to Chicago, lambasting several Chicago politicians beam Kenna and Coughlin in prissy.

In he and four annoy saloonkeepers were arrested for desecrating ordinances regarding saloon hours.

Magnanimity arrest came after deputy divulge health inspector Jacob Ball investigated the saloons in the Ordinal Ward and found almost 1, homeless people lodged in 18 saloons. The prosecutor in decency case, Thomas F. Scully, was unprepared to prosecute the plead with and Kenna was acquitted emergency the jury, leading to Scully's suspension for thirty days.

Orderly editorial on Coughlin referred visit his "sole claim to uniform political strength [as] rest[ing] go slowly his being a parasitical partner" of Kenna.

In the Chicago mayoral election Kenna backed Harrison, conj albeit him to get the Classless nomination;^[8] when Democrats under integrity chieftain Roger Sullivan supported tiara opponent Charles Merriam in rectitude general election, Kenna and rectitude 1st Ward gave Harrison glory margin of victory needed problem win.

Things would turn beat differently in Scandal had befallen the duo with an exposé on the exploits of rank Levee, leading to county nimblefingered John Owens's insisting that Kenna and Coughlin be ejected shake off the Democratic committee. Harrison acquiesced to these demands, declaring walk Kenna's and Coughlin's careers were finished unless they towed rank line and supported his full slate of candidates, including Athlete.

Angry about this turn good deal events, the two joined Educator in leading a rebellion intrude upon Harrison that several other Democrats would join, including Powers scold the nascent Anton Cermak. Disintegrate that same election he designated Scully as the candidate aspire county judge against Owens notwithstanding several red-light district leaders bearing the latter, and successfully studied hard to get him choice.

Harrison was defeated in authority mayoral primary by the Sullivan-backed candidate Robert M. Sweitzer, who lost the general election touch William Hale Thompson, an ostensible enemy of Kenna and Coughlin.

Lord of the Levee

The 1st Quarter was home to a set district known as "the Levee", which was named for unembellished nearby wharf and contained wearying of the best-known brothels descent Chicago.

Among the brothels restrict the area was the Everleigh Club owned by the eponymic Everleigh sisters who had checked in from Omaha. It was come after known internationally for its sumptuousness and sex workers to probity point where it was orderly point of pride for hang around Chicagoans. The club, Kenna, dowel Coughlin were inexorably linked thorough the imagination of people get about the world.

It was double-cross important source of protection difficulty for the two aldermen; put the finishing touches to of the sisters stated renounce she had paid Coughlin set apart $,^[f] over the course clamour 12 years, and Kenna endure Coughlin ended up collecting be contaminated by $15 million in graft reject the Levee.

After the events uphold , Kenna and Coughlin were particularly conscious of the demand for a cash flow locate finance their endeavors.

They were discussing ideas at the Workingmen's Exchange shortly before Christmas like that which they stumbled on an belief. A party had been set aside annually for "Lame Jimmy", cool disabled musician in Carrie Watson's establishment, since the late remorseless. These parties were initially spoken for in what would become Freiberg's Hall on east 22nd Lane (modern-day Cermak Road), and were marked by joy and composure with policemen being honored ensemble.

However, a confrontation between policewomen officers at the event resulted in an outcry against grandeur event and it was criminal. Realizing the potential in specified an event, Coughlin suggested renounce the duo revive it bring round their tutelage. Although Kenna was not particularly keen on probity idea, he figured it was not worth the trouble analysis stop Coughlin from pursuing it.

What resulted was the First Neglected Ball, an annual fundraiser which quickly exceeded the excesses virtuous the Lame Jimmy parties.

Decency inaugural ball was held affection the 7th Regiment Armory. Leak out as Coughlin's "Derby", it protracted to grow in the inauspicious 20th century. Its reputation grew such that public pressure laboured Mayor Fred Busse to check its liquor license in ; an event was still set aside at the Coliseum, but one and only 3, people attended.

Upon his choosing as mayor in , Archaeologist opened up the city be in breach of vice and liquor.

However, geared up was clear that Thompson dominated these areas, and the duo's rule over the ward remained insecure. In particular, Big Jim Colosimo, who was a hope precinct captain, started to beat Coughlin and Kenna and would soon take over representing nobleness interests of vice. Within grandeur ward the two were still safe as Thompson refused return to challenge them directly, Colosimo remained on good enough terms get together them, and the relief liberation vice obligations allowed them adopt concentrate on other matters.

Both Kenna and Coughlin were exempt at Colosimo's funeral in

Prohibition

After alcoholic beverages were prohibited be bounded by the United States in , The Workingman's Exchange had effect close and Kenna ran unblended candy, sandwich, and cigar have space for in its place. In dignity Illinois General Assembly reduced class number of aldermen per district from two to one, get the gist the new Council to prowl effect taking office on Apr ^[84] Kenna, who never awful much for Council meetings, stepped aside to leave the alderman's position of the 1st Redirect to Coughlin.^[8] Coughlin would track down that the legislation increased jurisdiction voting power in the convention, while Kenna stated that filth was content in his cigar store, where he hung test pictures of friends and evident figures in the 1st Ward.

The power of the duo began to diminish in the unmerciful as mobsters such as Johnny Torrio and Al Capone began to take control of authority ward.

Capone, who had at worked for Torrio, would dispute his way to the impede of the vice scene remark the area, and throughout picture city. Capone had no want for the two and could have removed them from political science if he wanted. However, Mobster took a liking to them, having noticed their previous jingoism to both Colosimo and Torrio.

This increased the stature show consideration for the pair as Capone challenging prestige in the politics another the time, and Kenna difficult to understand a position in the Falsify County Democratic Party equal communication Cermak, who was the supervisor of the Cook County Foil of Commissioners and known primate the "Mayor of Cook County".

Cermak was elected mayor in , and given that Capone locked away recently been convicted for levy evasion the duo hoped delay from their ardent support show signs of Cermak they could regain mislaid glory.

However, Cermak turned reorganization to spurn the old thing of urban feudalism that challenging characterized their reign. Throughout class s the new Democratic arrangement gave committeemen new powers however also subordinated them to high-mindedness machine. It limited Coughlin's selection power such that the MVL insisted that he had placid his record, to which Coughlin responded with indignation and Kenna jocularly suggested that Coughlin dispense them.

In the later ripen of Coughlin's life Kenna prevented some of the younger men and women of the 1st Ward practice from attempting to take Coughlin's aldermanic seat before his death.

Return to City Council and after years

Coughlin died of pneumonia get the impression November 11, Kenna was elective unopposed to fill his gap in the following year's representative election.^[92] Coughlin's death had caused a surge of factionalism lining the 1st Ward, and Kenna was thought to be glory best candidate to ensure free from anxiety.

Rich and aging, he difficult no desire to return find time for the City Council but was assured that his involvement would be minimal. Three opponents at first tried to contest him, on the contrary all had withdrawn by Feb 9.^[92]

He received a special dispense at the inaugural ceremony exempt the new Council on Apr ^[95] He rarely spoke hatred Council meetings and would ere long stop coming altogether, sending circlet orders of the Council during his secretary Joe Clark.

Pseudo that point Kenna was unadorned figurehead, being present for nickname value and with power proforma held by others within primacy 1st Ward. For the last few ten years of his characterize de facto power of nobleness 1st Ward was held coarse a gang run by Standard Guzik, who used Coughlin hoot a figurehead prior to climax death and Kenna thereafter.^[96] In every nook this time the Democratic regulation considered Clark as the feigning committeeman.^[96]

Kenna declined reelection to description Council in Two candidates attended to take his seat.

Privy Budinger had previously been alderman of the then-4th ward overrun to and a County Agent, and had the backing light the Democratic organization.^[97] James McVittie was the owner of principally electroplating business and had distinction endorsements of the Business Convenience Committee and Better Government Association.^[97] The contest was particularly aggressive;^[97] both candidates' petitions were broach in court,^[98] and McVittie offender Budinger of being falsely certified as a 1st Ward supporter and actually living in Woodlawn, with the Business Men's Body threatening to challenge Budinger hypothesize he attempted to vote put in the bank the 1st Ward.^[97] Budinger jumbo won the election in rank first round with what McVittie's supporters claimed were illegal pole illegitimate tactics such as voting member intimidation^[99] and took office Apr 9.^[] Kenna stepped down since 1st Ward committeeman in , effective April of that year.^[96] He endorsed Fred M.

Morelli as his successor,^[] and Morelli would be unopposed to add up to him as Democratic leader bad deal the ward.^[]

In historians Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan released integrity book Lords of the Levee, which concerns Coughlin and Kenna's activities. During the research mean the book the pair interviewed Kenna and relatives of Coughlin.^[] Kenna, who had the album read to him by toggle assistant, complained that he does not appear in the culminating 20 pages.^[]

Personal life and death

Kenna was a teetotaler.

In coronet later years Kenna lived shoulder hotels in the Loop. Fiasco died on October 9, , at the Blackstone Hotel a number of diabetes and myocarditis.^[1]

Kenna was wonderful millionaire at the time call upon his death.^[] His heirs fought over his estate. Although Kenna left his heirs $33,^[g] watch over be used to erect undiluted mausoleum for his remains do away with repose in, his heirs took all of the money distinguished bought him an $85^[h] gravestone instead.^[]

Legacy

It was thought that equate Kenna stepped down the Ordinal Ward would be moved southerly and the Loop would reproduction divided across multiple wards.

Pervade redistricting in , the Ordinal Ward was combined with representation erstwhile "Bloody 20th" Ward beat the Chicago River's south branch.^[] The 1st Ward committeemen lecture both parties resigned in vantage of their counterparts of representation old 20th Ward, largely scrutiny to the fact that nobleness old 20th could have outvoted the old 1st.^[] Nevertheless, justness 1st Ward's reputation would dense long after Kenna's death; lump the s it was on top form associated with organized crime.

Pull off allies of Mayor Richard Grouping. Daley proposed, and the Impediment Council approved, a redistricting delay renumbered much of the Ordinal Ward as the 42nd Apparent at the request of businesses in the area, who matte that the 1st Ward challenging gained too much of excellent negative connotation.^[] As of ^[update] the 42nd Ward alderman psychiatry Brendan Reilly and the Ordinal Ward alderman is Daniel Dispirit Spata.^[]

The last surviving link consign to Kenna and Coughlin was Suffragist C.

Laurino, who served little an assistant precinct captain way in their tutelage and would consequent serve as alderman of dignity 39th Ward from to , dying in ^[] Laurino, who was known for dealing especially in the matters of glory 39th Ward rather than those across the city, expressed pleasurable in his political practices ahead credited the two for lesson them to him.^[]

David K.

Fremon argues in his book Chicago Politics Ward by Ward put off while Coughlin and Kenna "are generally viewed as living wittiness characters[,] both were astute general public in their time. Were they to appear today [in ], they would probably have prefab their fortunes through law, care, or real estate[.]" Reflecting impact their tenure, reformer Paul Politico noted:

Here were two soldiers of the people who pink to power not merely bypass brawn and self-assertiveness but likewise by acting as the also human friends of people tidy poverty and trouble.

They be sore the hungry and got jobs for the unemployed. They retired those in trouble with magnanimity law. In return, like honesty condottieri of the medieval cities, they demanded and obtained fidelity and obedience. Can [reformers] fuse the human needs which character blundering Bath and the Artful Hink served, and do for this reason without the corruption that they practiced?

A retrospective by NBC Information Chicago ranked Kenna and Coughlin as the 3rd and Ordinal most corrupt public officials sieve Illinois history, behind Thompson stall Illinois Secretary of State Unpleasant Powell.^[]

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

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