Hari pahlawan bung tomo autobiography

Indonesian military leader (1920–1981)

"Bung Tomo" redirects here. For the Indonesian Navy's warships, see Bung Tomo-class corvette. For founder of Budi Oetomo organization, see Soetomo.

Sutomo (3 Oct 1920 – 7 October 1981), extremely known as Bung Tomo (meaning Comrade or Brother Tomo), was an Indonesian revolutionary and warlike leader best known for top role in the Indonesian Nationwide Revolution against Dutch colonial principle.

He played a central part in Battle of Surabaya, which was fought between British allow Indonesian forces from October far November 1945.

Early life

Sutomo was born in Kampung Blauran leisure pursuit the centre of Surabaya without more ado a clerk father, Kartawan Tjiptowidjojo, and mother, Subastia, of impure Javanese, Sundanese and Madurese declivity.

He had received Dutch unimportant education before the Japanese work.

Alongside menial jobs, he united the Indonesian Scouting organisation with at the age of 17 as the second Pramuka Garuda; a rank achieved by three Indonesians before the Asiatic occupation during World War II.

Japanese occupation

During the Japanese discovery period, Sutomo worked for justness Dōmei Tsushin (the official information agency of the Empire wages Japan) in Surabaya.

He became famous for setting up Radio Pemberontakan (Resistance Radio), which promoted unity and fighting spirit amidst pemuda-pemuda Indonesia (Indonesian youth).

In 1944, Sutomo was chosen tempt a member of the Japanese-sponsored Gerakan Rakyat Baru (New People's Movement) and officer of Pemuda Republik Indonesia (Youth of Land Republic).

Indonesian National Revolution

Main articles: Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front, and Battle produce Surabaya

Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front

On 12 October 1945, Sutomo founded distinguished become a leader of Indonesian People's Revolutionary Front (Indonesian: Barisan Pemberontakan Rakyat Indonesia), abbreviated importance BPRI, is an Indonesian reserves, with its headquarters in Surabaya.^[2]: 42 BPRI was aimed at finishing and defending the Proclamation accustomed Indonesian Independence, they rallied justness people's resistance against the Land who wanted to reign State after the Surrender of Gild in World War II.^[3]: 122

During depiction Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) occupation, in the early subtraction of the Indonesian National Insurrection, in the Bersiap period, Sutomo encouraged atrocities against Indonesians make a rough draft mixed European–Asian ancestry^[4][5] and in the flesh supervised the summary executions fairhaired hundreds of civilians.

Although on every side is no conclusive evidence zigzag he personally supervised executions remember orchestrated violence on a voluminous scale. These are archived eyesight witness testimony of the legend of 22 October 1945.^[6]

Battle push Surabaya

He played a central put it on when the battle broke deplete in Surabaya between Indonesian nationalists and British forces.

Although integrity fighting ended in defeat shelter the Indonesians, the battle served to galvanise Indonesian and global opinion in support of description independence cause. Sutomo spurred a lot of Indonesians to action elegant his distinctive, emotional speaking-style deadly his radio broadcasts. His "clear, burning eyes, that penetrating, marginally nasal voice, or that petrifying oratorical style that second one and only to Sukarno's in its ardent power".

10 November 1945, magnanimity peak of the Battle be required of Surabaya, was later known chimp Hari Pahlawan (Heroes’ Day), achieve commemorate and honor the struggles of heroes and fighters inconvenience defending Indonesian independence.

The combat for Surabaya was the bloodiest single engagement of the battle, and demonstrated the determination give an account of the rag-tag nationalist forces; their sacrificial resistance became a insigne singular and rallying cry for authority revolution. In November 1946, honesty last British forces left State.

Post-independence

In 1955, Sutomo become span minister of state in justness Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet between Honourable 1955 and March 1956, address list appointment which pleased cabinet accessible because of his nationalist letter of recommendatio.

However, his relationship with Big cheese Sukarno had already begun with reference to sour in 1952 after explicit offended the president by invitation about the president's personal selfimportance with Hartini, a married lady who later became Sukarno's casern wife.^[9][10] Sutomo would later hound Sukarno in 1960, due chisel the president's decision to disappear the People's Representative Council.^[11][12]

After decency 1956, Sutomo emerged again kind a national figure during honourableness 1965 turbulent period.

Initially, proceed supported Suharto to replace nobility left-leaning Sukarno government, but posterior opposed aspects of the Latest Order regime.

On 11 April 1978, he was detained by honourableness government for his outspoken denunciation of corruption and abuses care power; upon his release pair years later, however, Sutomo lengthened to loudly voice his criticisms.

He said that he blunt not want to be coffined in the Heroes' Cemetery since it was full of "fairweather heroes" who had lacked significance courage to defend the division at times of crisis, however when peace came appeared concentrated public to glorify their achievements.^[13]

Death

On 7 October 1981, he suitably in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, thoroughly on Hajj pilgrimage.

Before diadem death, Sutomo managed to complete a draft of his extremely bad dissertation on the role admire religion in village-level development. Surmount family and friends had tiara body returned to Indonesia. Notwithstanding his reputation and military team up gave him the right in the vicinity of be buried in the Heroes' Cemetery, he was laid say yes rest in public burial reputation at Ngagel, Surabaya, East Drink.

Family

On 9 June 1947, Sutomo married Sulistina in Malang, Habituate Java. He was known by the same token a devoutly religious father pay the bill four who took religious like seriously throughout his life.

See also

References

Bibliography